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作者：Acemoglu, D; Autor, DH; Lyle, D
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; United States Military Academy
摘要：We exploit the military mobilization for World War II to investigate the effects of female labor supply on the wage structure. The mobilization drew many women into the workforce permanently. But the impact was not uniform across states. In states with greater mobilization of men, women worked more after the war and in 1950, though not in 1940. These induced shifts in female labor supply lowered female and male wages and increased earnings inequality between high school- and college-educated m...
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作者：Ashenfelter, O; Greenstone, M
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：In 1987 the federal government permitted states to raise the speed limit on their rural interstate roads, but not on their urban interstate roads, from 55 mph to 65 mph. Since the states that adopted the higher speed limit must have valued the travel hours they saved more than the fatalities incurred, this institutional change provides an opportunity to estimate an upper bound on the public's willingness to trade off wealth for a change in the probability of death. Our estimates indicate that ...
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作者：Cooley, T; Marimon, R; Quadrini, V
作者单位：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; National Bureau of Economic Research; Pompeu Fabra University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Southern California
摘要：We study a general equilibrium model in which entrepreneurs finance investment with optimal financial contracts. Because of enforceability problems, contracts are constrained efficient. We show that limited enforceability amplifies the impact of technological innovations on aggregate output. This implies that economies with lower enforceability of contracts are characterized by greater macroeconomic volatility. A key assumption for the amplification result is that defaulting entrepreneurs are ...
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作者：Carlton, DW; Frankel, AS; Landes, EM
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：This paper provides one of the few successful demonstrations of the efficiency of certain types of restrictions in the context of a joint venture. The joint venture we examine is the National Hockey League (NHL) in the 1980s, which was then composed of 21 separately owned teams. ( It now has 30 teams.) The restriction we analyze is the NHL rule on franchise relocation. Before one can fully understand the effect of the restriction, one must understand the theory of how sports leagues operate an...
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作者：Bénabou, R; Tirole, J
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We develop a theory of internal commitments or personal rules based on self-reputation over one's willpower, which transforms lapses into precedents that undermine future self-restraint. The foundation for this mechanism is the imperfect recall of past motives and feelings, leading people to draw inferences from their past actions. The degree of self-control an individual can achieve is shown to rise with his self-confidence and decrease with prior external constraints. On the negative side, i...
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作者：Ekeland, I; Heckman, JJ; Nesheim, L
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Chicago; University of London; University College London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London
摘要：This paper considers the identification and estimation of hedonic models. We establish that in an additive version of the hedonic model, technology and preferences are generically nonparametrically identified from data on demand and supply in a single hedonic market. The empirical literature that claims that hedonic models estimated on data from a single market are fundamentally underidentified is based on arbitrary linearizations that do not use all the information in the model. The exact eco...
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作者：Ryoo, JW; Rosen, S
作者单位：Kookmin University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper develops a dynamic supply and demand model of occupational choice and applies it to the engineering profession. The model is largely successful in understanding data in the U. S. engineering labor market. The engineering market responds strongly to economic forces. The demand for engineers responds to the price of engineering services and demand shifters. More important, supply and enrollment decisions are remarkably sensitive to career prospects in engineering. Also a rational mode...
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作者：Miguel, E; Satyanath, S; Sergenti, E
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：Estimating the impact of economic conditions on the likelihood of civil conflict is difficult because of endogeneity and omitted variable bias. We use rainfall variation as an instrumental variable for economic growth in 41 African countries during 1981-99. Growth is strongly negatively related to civil conflict: a negative growth shock of five percentage points increases the likelihood of conflict by one-half the following year. We attempt to rule out other channels through which rainfall may...
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作者：Dynan, KE; Skinner, J; Zeldes, SP
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：The question of whether higher - lifetime income households save a larger fraction of their income was the subject of much debate in the 1950s and 1960s, and while not resolved, it remains central to the evaluation of tax and macroeconomic policies. We resolve this longstanding question using new empirical methods applied to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the Survey of Consumer Finances, and the Consumer Expenditure Survey. We find a strong positive relationship between saving rates and l...
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作者：Berry, S; Levinsohn, J; Pakes, A
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Harvard University
摘要：In this paper, we consider how rich sources of information on consumer choice can help to identify demand parameters in a widely used class of differentiated products demand models. Most important, we show how to use second-choice data on automotive purchases to obtain good estimates of substitution patterns in the automobile industry. We use our estimates to make out-of-sample predictions about important recent changes in industry structure.
