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作者：Strack, Philipp; Yang, Kai Hao
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University
摘要：A signal is privacy-preserving with respect to a collection of privacy sets if the posterior probability assigned to every privacy set remains unchanged conditional on any signal realization. We characterize the privacy-preserving signals for arbitrary state space and arbitrary privacy sets. A signal is privacy-preserving if and only if it is a garbling of a reordered quantile signal. Furthermore, distributions of posterior means induced by privacy-preserving signals are exactly mean-preservin...
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作者：Haller, Andreas; Staubli, Stefan; Zweimueller, Josef
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Calgary; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Zurich; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper develops a sufficient statistics framework for analyzing the welfare effects of disability insurance (DI). We derive social-optimality conditions for the two main DI policy parameters: (i) eligibility rules and (ii) benefit levels. Applying this framework to two restrictive DI reforms in Austria, we find that tighter DI eligibility rules triggered higher fiscal cost savings and lower insurance losses. Hence, tighter DI eligibility rules dominate DI benefit reductions in scaling back...
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作者：Giroud, Xavier; Lenzu, Simone; Maingi, Quinn; Mueller, Holger
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Cambridge; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; New York University; University of Southern California
摘要：The gains from agglomeration economies are believed to be highly localized. Using confidential Census plant-level data, we show that large industrial plant openings raise the productivity not only of local plants but also of distant plants hundreds of miles away, which belong to large multi-plant, multi-region firms that are exposed to the local productivity spillover through one of their plants. This global productivity spillover does not decay with distance and is stronger if plants are in i...
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作者：Agranov, Marina; Gillen, Benjamin; Persitz, Dotan
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; National Bureau of Economic Research; Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Claremont McKenna College; Tel Aviv University
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作者：Rustagi, Devesh
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：Does self-governance, a hallmark of democratic societies, foster norms of generalized cooperation? Does this effect persist, and if so, why? I investigate these questions using a natural experiment in Switzerland. In the Middle Ages, the absence of an heir resulted in the extinction of a prominent noble dynasty. As a result, some Swiss municipalities became self-governing, whereas the others remained under feudalism for another 600 years. Evidence from a behavioral experiment, the World Values...
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作者：Kreindler, Gabriel
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Developing country megacities suffer from severe road traffic congestion, yet the level of congestion is not a direct measure of equilibrium inefficiency. I study the peak-hour traffic congestion equilibrium in Bangalore. To measure travel preferences, I use a model of departure time choice to design a field experiment with congestion pricing policies and implement it using precise GPS data. Commuter responses in the experiment reveal moderate schedule inflexibility and a high value of time. I...
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作者：Hoffmann, Bridget; Rud, Juan Pablo
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We use high-frequency data on fine particulate matter air pollution (PM 2.5) at the locality level to study the effects of high pollution on daily labor supply decisions in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. We document a negative, non-linear relationship between PM 2.5 and same-day labor supply, with strong effects on days with extremely high pollution levels. On these days, the average worker experiences a reduction of around 7.5% of working hours. Workers partially compensate for lost ho...
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作者：Levy, Raphael; Peski, Marcin; Vieille, Nicolas
作者单位：Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) Paris; University of Toronto
摘要：We consider social learning in a changing world. With changing states, societies can be responsive only if agents regularly act upon fresh information, which significantly limits the value of observational learning. When the state is close to persistent, a consensus whereby most agents choose the same action typically emerges. However, the consensus action is not perfectly correlated with the state, because societies exhibit inertia following state changes. When signals are precise enough, lea...
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作者：Qin, Bei; Stromberg, David; Wu, Yanhui
作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University; Stockholm University; University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper studies how social media affects the dynamics of protests and strikes in China during 2009-2017. Based on 13.2 billion microblog posts, we use tweets and retweets to measure social media communication across cities and exploit its rapid expansion for identification. We find that, despite strict government censorship, Chinese social media has a sizeable effect on the geographical spread of protests and strikes. Furthermore, social media communication considerably expands the scope of...
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作者：Deb, Shubhdeep; Eeckhout, Jan; Patel, Aseem; Warren, Lawrence
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Pompeu Fabra University; University of Essex
摘要：We propose a theory of how market power affects wage inequality. We ask how goods and labor market power jointly determine the level of wages, the skill premium, and wage inequality. We then use detailed microdata from the U.S. Census Bureau between 1997 and 2016 to estimate the parameters of labor supply, technology, and the market structure. We find that a less competitive market structure lowers the average wage of high-skilled workers by 11.3%, and of low-skilled workers by 12.2%, contribu...
