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作者：Greenwald, Bruce; Stiglitz, Joseph E.
作者单位：Columbia University
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作者：Uhlig, Harald
作者单位：Humboldt University of Berlin
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作者：Bedard, K; Deschênes, O
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：During the World War H and Korean War era, the U.S. military freely distributed cigarettes to overseas personnel and provided low-cost tobacco products on domestic military bases. In fact, even today the military continues to sell subsidized tobacco products on its bases. Using a variety of instrumental variables approaches to deal with nonrandom selection into the military and into smoking, we provide substantial evidence that cohorts with higher military participation rates subsequently suff...
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作者：Chaudhuri, Shubham; Goldberg, Pinelopi K.; Jia, Panle
作者单位：The World Bank; Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Under the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights, the World Trade Organization members are required to enforce product patents for pharmaceuticals. In this paper we empirically investigate the welfare effects of this requirement on developing countries using data for the fuoroquinolones subsegment of the systemic anti-bacterials segment of the Indian pharmaceuticals market. Our results suggest that concerns about the potential adverse welfare effects of TRIPS may have some bas...
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作者：Bitler, Marianne P.; Gelbach, Jonah B.; Hoynes, Hilary W.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Labor supply theory predicts systematic heterogeneity in the impact of recent welfare reforms on earnings, transfers, and income. Yet most welfare reform research focuses on mean impacts. We investigate the importance of heterogeneity using random-assignment data from Connecticut's Jobs First waiver, which features key elements of post-1996 welfare programs. Estimated quantile treatment effects exhibit the substantial heterogeneity predicted by labor supply theory. Thus mean impacts miss a gre...
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作者：Kaplan, Todd R.; Wettstein, David
作者单位：University of Exeter; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
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作者：Greif, Avner
作者单位：Stanford University
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作者：Diamond, DW; Rajan, RG
作者单位：University of Chicago; International Monetary Fund
摘要：We examine the role of banks in the transmission of monetary policy. In economies where banks use real demand deposits to finance their lending, fluctuations in the tinting of production can force banks to scramble for real liquidity, or even fail, which can greatly affect lending and aggregate output. The adverse effect on output can be reduced if banks finance with nominal deposits. Nominal deposits also open a financial liquidity channel for monetary policy to affect real activity. The bank...
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作者：Bagwell, Kyle; Staiger, Robert W.
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Bai, Chong-En; Lu, Jiangyong; Tao, Zhigang
作者单位：Tsinghua University; University of Hong Kong; Tsinghua University; University of Hong Kong
