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作者：Chu, Leon Yang; Sappington, David E. A.
作者单位：University of Southern California; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
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作者：McCrary, Justin
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Arguably the most aggressive affirmative action program ever implemented in the United States was a series of court-ordered racial hiring quotas imposed on municipal police departments. My best estimate of the effect of court-ordered affirmative action on work-force composition is a 14-percentage-point gain in the fraction African American among newly hired officers. Evidence on police performance is mixed. Despite substantial black-white test score differences on police department entrance ex...
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作者：Hoxby, Caroline A.
作者单位：Stanford University
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作者：Olivei, Giovanni; Tenreyro, Silvana
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：A vast empirical literature has documented delayed and persistent effects of monetary policy shocks on output. We show that this finding results from the aggregation of output impulse responses that differ sharply depending on the timing of the shock. When the monetary policy shock takes place in the first two quarters of the year, the response of output is quick, sizable, and dies out at a relatively fast pace. In contrast, output responds very little when the shock takes place in the third o...
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作者：Bajari, Patrick; Fox, Jeremy T.; Ryan, Stephen P.
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Bergstrom, Theodore C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
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作者：Deschenes, Olivier; Greenstone, Michael
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper measures the economic impact of climate change on US agricultural land by estimating the effect of random year-to-year variation in temperature and precipitation on agricultural profits. The preferred estimates indicate that climate change will increase annual profits by $1.3 billion in 2002 dollars (2002$) or 4 percent. This estimate is robust to numerous specification checks and relatively precise, so large negative or positive effects are unlikely. We also find the hedonic approa...
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作者：Choi, Syngjoo; Fisman, Raymond; Gale, Douglas; Kariv, Shachar
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Columbia University; New York University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：By using graphical representations of simple portfolio choice problems, we generate a very rich dataset to study behavior under uncertainty at the level of the individual subject. We test the data for consistency with the maximization hypothesis, and we estimate preferences using a two-parameter utility function based on Faruk Gul (1991). This specification provides a good interpretation of the data at the individual level and can account for the highly heterogeneous behaviors observed in the ...
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作者：Doyle, Joseph J., Jr.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Little is known about the effects of placing children who are abused or neglected into foster care. This paper uses the placement tendency of child protection investigators as an instrumental variable to identify causal effects of foster care on long-term outcomes-including juvenile delinquency, teen motherhood, and employment-among children in Illinois where a rotational assignment process effectively randomizes families to investigators. Large marginal treatment effect estimates suggest caut...
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作者：Blankenau, William F.; Simpson, Nicole B.; Tomljanovich, Marc
作者单位：Kansas State University; Colgate University; Drew University
