Science

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• Stormy seas AI翻译
  作者：Cornwall, Warren
• Greater noctule bats prey on and consume passerines in flight AI翻译
  作者：Stidsholt, L.; Tena, E.; Foskolos, I.; Nogueras, J.; de la Hera, I.; Sanchez-Navarro, S.; Garcia-Mudarra, J. L.; Ibanez, C.
  作者单位：Aarhus University; Leibniz Institut fur Zoo und Wildtierforschung; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Estacion Biologica de Donana (EBD); Aarhus University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Estacion Biologica de Donana (EBD); Universidad de Extremadura; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas (EEZA)
  摘要：Despite billions of passerines seasonally migrating during the night at high altitudes, only three bat species have been found to consistently tap into this rich prey resource. However, it remains unknown where and how these bats locate, catch, and ingest relatively large passerine prey. Here, we used high-resolution biologging tags to reveal that greater noctule bats (Nyctalus lasiopterus) ascend to high altitudes, engage in long echo-guided chases, and consume migrating passerines in flight....
• Getting to the root of the pattern: Root barriers and metabolite leakage shape microbial colonization of plants AI翻译
  作者：Kozaeva, Ekaterina; Brophy, Jennifer A. N.
  作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Stanford University
• Integrated low-temperature PVC and polyolefin upgrading AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Wei; Yang, Boda; Jackson, Benjamin A.; Zhao, Junbo; Shi, Honghong; Camaioni, Donald M.; Kim, Sungmin; Wang, Huamin; Szanyi, Janos; Lee, Mal-Soon; Chen, Jingguang G.; Lercher, Johannes A.
  作者单位：East China Normal University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Technical University of Munich; Technical University of Munich; Columbia University
  摘要：Polyolefins and their chlorinated derivatives such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are among the most prevalent plastics in global production and waste streams. Traditional waste-to-energy methods such as incineration and pyrolysis, as well as most chemical upcycling methods for PVC utilization, require thorough, high-temperature dechlorination to prevent the release of toxic chlorinated compounds. We present here a strategy for upgrading discarded PVC into chlorine-free fuel range hydrocarbons an...
• Instability in the geological regulation of Earth's climate AI翻译
  作者：Hulse, Dominik; Ridgwell, Andy
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Bremen
  摘要：Negative feedback between climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), mediated by the weathering of silicate minerals on land, is thought to provide the primary regulation of Earth's climate on geological timescales. By contrast, we found that faster feedbacks involving organic matter are not only critical to Earth system recovery but can also create unexpected instability. Our Earth system model experiments show how sedimentary organic carbon burial, amplified by redox-sensitive phosphorus ...
• Crustal stresses and damage evolve throughout the seismic cycle of the Ridgecrest fault zone AI翻译
  作者：Bryan, Jared; Frank, William B.; Audet, Pascal
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Ottawa
  摘要：Earthquakes abruptly release tectonic stress that builds slowly over time through the coupled evolution of faults and the surrounding crust. Seismic wavespeeds track crustal deformation and stress changes, but typical monitoring methods are most sensitive to shallow depths. Using receiver functions, we tracked rupture-zone wavespeed and anisotropy changes throughout the crust during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. Shallow coseismic wavespeed reductions recovered within months, whereas...
• Self-Defense: A Myth-Busting Guide to Immune Health AI翻译
  作者：Chandra, Amit
• Categorical and semantic perception of the meaning of call types in zebra finches AI翻译
  作者：Elie, Julie E.; de Witasse-Thezy, Aude; Thomas, Logan; Malit, Ben; Theunissen, Frederic E.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Universite Lyon 1; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：Vocal communication in social animals involves the production and perception of various calls that ethologists categorize into call types based on their acoustical structure and behavioral context. Whether these categories indicate distinct meanings for the animals remains unknown. The zebra finch, a gregarious songbird, uses similar to 11 call types that are known to communicate hunger, danger, or social conflict and to establish social contact and bonding. Using auditory discrimination tasks...
• Climate rather than overgrazing explains most rangeland primary productivity change in Mongolia AI翻译
  作者：Purevjav, Avralt-Od; Avirmed, Tumenkhusel; Wilcox, Steven W.; Barrett, Christopher B.
  作者单位：The World Bank; Stanford University; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Cornell University; Cornell University
  摘要：Rangelands are Earth's dominant land type, supporting the livelihoods of more than 2 billion people. Concerns about rangeland degradation typically focus on overgrazing. But climate change may be a greater culprit. Using spatially disaggregated, nationwide data from Mongolia, from 1984 to 2024, we exploited seasonal variation in grazing locations to quasi-experimentally estimate the causal effects of livestock herd size, weather, and climate change on rangeland primary productivity. At interan...
• Stereo-reversed E2 unlocks Z-selective C-H functionalization AI翻译
  作者：Verardi, Peter J.; Ryutov, Elizabeth A.; Mukherjee, Poulami; Lalisse, Remy; Targos, Karina; Inagaki, Tetsuya; Kelly, Megan; Guzei, Ilia A.; Schreier, Marcel; Gutierrez, Osvaldo; Wickens, Zachary K.
  作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Osaka; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
  摘要：The stereoselective functionalization of C-H bonds represents a central challenge in modern organic synthesis. Despite decades of innovation in C-H activation chemistry, methods for Z-selective functionalization of alkenes have eluded synthetic practitioners. Terminal alkenes present the biggest challenge for Z-selectivity as they require selective cleavage of the more hindered of two otherwise virtually identical C-H bonds. Herein, we describe the transformation of alkenes into transient 1,2-...