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作者：Brainard, Jeffrey
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作者：Peplow, Mark
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作者：Schultz, Ted R.; Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey; Kweskin, Matthew P.; Lloyd, Michael W.; Dentinger, Bryn; Kooij, Pepijn W.; Vellinga, Else C.; Rehner, Stephen A.; Rodrigues, Andre; Montoya, Quimi V.; Fernandez-Marin, Hermogenes; Jesovnik, Ana; Niskanen, Tuula; Liimatainen, Kare; Leal-Dutra, Caio A.; Solomon, Scott E.; Gerardo, Nicole M.; Currie, Cameron R.; Bacci, Mauricio; Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.; Rabeling, Christian; Faircloth, Brant C.; Doyle, Vinson P.
作者单位：Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Universidade Estadual Paulista; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Instituto de Investigacion Cientificas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia (INDICASAT-AIP); Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; University of Copenhagen; Emory University; McMaster University; Universidade Federal de Uberlandia; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University Hohenheim; University Hohenheim; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; Jackson Laboratory; University of Zagreb; University of Helsinki; Rice University
摘要：Fungus-farming ants cultivate multiple lineages of fungi for food, but, because fungal cultivar relationships are largely unresolved, the history of fungus-ant coevolution remains poorly known. We designed probes targeting >2000 gene regions to generate a dated evolutionary tree for 475 fungi and combined it with a similarly generated tree for 276 ants. We found that fungus-ant agriculture originated similar to 66 million years ago when the end-of-Cretaceous asteroid impact temporarily interru...
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作者：Lahdenpera, Antti S. K.; Dhankhar, Jyoti; Davies, Daniel J.; Lam, Nelson Y. S.; Bacos, P. David; de la Vega-hernandez, Karen; Phipps, Robert J.
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：Hydrogen atom abstraction is an important elementary chemical process but is very difficult to carry out enantioselectively. We have developed catalysts, readily derived from the Cinchona alkaloid family of natural products, which can achieve this by virtue of their chiral amine structure. The catalyst, following single-electron oxidation, desymmetrizes meso-diols by selectively abstracting a hydrogen atom from one carbon center, which then regains a hydrogen atom by abstraction from a thiol. ...
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作者：Matthews, Thomas J.; Triantis, Kostas A.; Wayman, Joseph P.; Martin, Thomas E.; Hume, Julian P.; Cardoso, Pedro; Faurby, Sren; Mendenhall, Chase D.; Dufour, Paul; Rigal, Francois; Cooke, Rob; Whittaker, Robert J.; Pigot, Alex L.; Thebaud, Christophe; Jorgensen, Maria Wagner; Benavides, Eva; Soares, Filipa C.; Ulrich, Werner; Kubota, Yasuhiro; Sadler, Jon P.; Tobias, Joseph A.; Sayol, Ferran
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of Birmingham; Universidade dos Acores; Universidade dos Acores; National & Kapodistrian University of Athens; Bangor University; Natural History Museum London; University of Helsinki; Universidade de Lisboa; University of Gothenburg; University of Gothenburg; Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE); Slippery Rock University - Pennsylvania; Universite de Montpellier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Chemistry (INC); UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH); University of Oxford; University of Copenhagen; University of London; University College London; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universidade de Lisboa; Nicolaus Copernicus University; University of the Ryukyus; Imperial College London; Centro de Investigacion Ecologica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF-CERCA)
摘要：Humans have been driving a global erosion of species richness for millennia, but the consequences of past extinctions for other dimensions of biodiversity-functional and phylogenetic diversity-are poorly understood. In this work, we show that, since the Late Pleistocene, the extinction of 610 bird species has caused a disproportionate loss of the global avian functional space along with similar to 3 billion years of unique evolutionary history. For island endemics, proportional losses have bee...
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作者：Piller, Charles
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作者：Scaife, Adam A.; Dunstone, Nick; Hardiman, Steven; Ineson, Sarah; Li, Chaofan; Lu, Riyu; Pang, Bo; Klein-Tank, Albert; Smith, Doug; Van Niekerk, Annelize; Renwick, James; Williams, Ned
作者单位：Met Office - UK; Hadley Centre; University of Exeter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF); Victoria University Wellington; Max Planck Society
摘要：We demonstrate a 1-year lagged extratropical response to the El Ni & ntilde;o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in observational analyses and climate models. The response maps onto the Arctic Oscillation and is strongest in the North Atlantic, where it resembles the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Unexpectedly, these 1-year lagged teleconnections are at least as strong as the better-known simultaneous winter connections. However, the 1-year lagged response is opposite in sign to the simultaneous r...
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作者：Festuccia, Nicola; Vandormael-Pournin, Sandrine; Chervova, Almira; Geiselman, Anna; Langa-Vives, Francina; Coux, Remi-Xavier; Gonzalez, Inma; Collet, Guillaume Giraud; Cohen-Tannoudji, Michel; Navarro, Pablo
作者单位：Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Sorbonne Universite; Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; Universite Paris Cite
摘要：Early embryogenesis is driven by transcription factors (TFs) that first activate the zygotic genome and then specify the lineages constituting the blastocyst. Although the TFs specifying the blastocyst's lineages are well characterized, those playing earlier roles remain poorly defined. Using mouse models of the TF Nr5a2, we show that Nr5a2-/- embryos arrest at the early morula stage and exhibit altered lineage specification, frequent mitotic failure, and substantial chromosome segregation def...
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作者：Wilkinson, Max E.; Li, David; Gao, Alex; Macrae, Rhiannon K.; Zhang, Feng
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：Reverse transcription has frequently been co-opted for cellular functions and in prokaryotes is associated with protection against viral infection, but the underlying mechanisms of defense are generally unknown. Here, we show that in the DRT2 defense system, the reverse transcriptase binds a neighboring pseudoknotted noncoding RNA. Upon bacteriophage infection, a template region of this RNA is reverse transcribed into an array of tandem repeats that reconstitute a promoter and open reading fra...
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作者：Brainard, Jeffrey
