Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• Expansion of a conserved architecture drives the evolution of the primate visual cortex AI翻译
  作者：Meyer, Emily E.; Martynek, Marcelina; Kastner, Sabine; Livingstone, Margaret S.; Arcaro, Michael J.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Princeton University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
  摘要：Human brain evolution is marked by a disproportionate expansion of cortical regions associated with advanced perceptual and cognitive functions. While this expansion is often attributed to the emergence of novel specialized brain areas, modifications to evolutionarily conserved cortical regions also have been linked to species- specific behaviors. Distinguishing between these two evolutionary outcomes has been limited by the ability to make direct comparisons between species. Here, we addresse...
• Dual modes of DNA N6-methyladenine maintenance by distinct methyltransferase complexes AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Yuanyuan; Nan, Bei; Ye, Fei; Zhang, Zhe; Yang, Wentao; Pan, Bo; Wei, Fan; Duan, Lili; Li, Haicheng; Niu, Junhua; Ju, Aili; Liu, Yongqiang; Wang, Dantong; Zhang, Wenxin; Liu, Yifan; Gao, Shan
  作者单位：Ocean University of China; Ocean University of China; University of Southern California; Yunnan University
  摘要：Stable inheritance of DNA N6- methyladenine (6mA) is crucial for its biological functions in eukaryotes. Here, we identify two distinct methyltransferase (MTase) complexes, both sharing the catalytic subunit AMT1, but featuring AMT6 and AMT7 as their unique components, respectively. While the two complexes are jointly responsible for 6mA maintenance methylation, they exhibit distinct enzy-mology, DNA/chromatin affinity, genomic distribution, and knockout phenotypes. AMT7 complex, featuring hig...
• A signaling molecule from intratumor bacteria promotes trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer cells AI翻译
  作者：Qin, Gege; Shao, Xiying; Liu, Xiaolong; Xu, Jiachao; Wang, Xiaojia; Wang, Wenxi; Gao, Lu; Liang, Yuxin; Xie, Lina; Su, Dan; Yang, Hongwei; Zhou, Wei; Fang, Xiaohong
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, CAS; Tsinghua University; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, CAS
  摘要：Emerging evidence indicates that intratumor bacteria exist as an active and specific tumor component in many tumor types beyond digestive and respiratory tumors. However, the biological impact and responsible molecules of such local bacteria-tumor direct interaction on cancer therapeutic response remain poorly understood. Trastuzumab is among the most commonly used drugs targeting the receptor tyrosine- protein kinase erbB-2 (ErbB2) in breast cancer, but its resistance is inevitable, severely ...
• Decoding the elite soccer player's psychological profile AI翻译
  作者：Bonettia, Leonardo; Vestberge, Torbjorn; Jafarie, Reza; Seghezzid, Debora; Ingvare, Martin; Kringelbacha, Morten L.; Filgueiras, Alberto; Petrovic, Predrag
  作者单位：Aarhus University; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of Bologna; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; Central Queensland University; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
  摘要：Soccer is arguably the most widely followed sport worldwide, and many dream of becoming soccer players. However, only a few manage to achieve this dream, which has cast a significant spotlight on elite soccer players who possess exceptional skills to rise above the rest. Originally, such attention was focused on their great physical abilities. However, recently, a new perspective has emerged, suggesting that being an elite soccer player requires a deep understanding of the game, rapid informat...
• Comparing cooperative geometric puzzle solving in ants versus humans AI翻译
  作者：Dreyer, Tabea; Haluts, Amir; Korman, Amos; Gov, Nir; Fonio, Ehud; Feinerman, Ofer
  作者单位：Weizmann Institute of Science; Weizmann Institute of Science; University of Haifa
  摘要：Biological ensembles use collective intelligence to tackle challenges together, but suboptimal coordination can undermine the effectiveness of group cognition. Testing whether collective cognition exceeds that of the individual is often impractical since different organizational scales tend to face disjoint problems. One exception is the problem of navigating large loads through complex environments and toward a given target. People and ants stand out in their ability to efficiently perform th...
• Climate change could amplify weak synchrony in large marine ecosystems AI翻译
  作者：Karatayev, Vadim A.; Munch, Stephan B.; Rogers, Tanya L.; Reuman, Daniel C.
  作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Kansas; University of Kansas; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
  摘要：Climate change is increasing the frequency of large- scale, extreme environmental events and flattening environmental gradients. Whether such changes will cause spatially synchronous, large- scale population declines depends on mechanisms that limit metapopulation synchrony, thereby promoting rescue effects and stability. Using long- term data and empirical dynamic models, we quantified spatial heterogeneity in density dependence, spatial heterogeneity in environmental responses, and environme...
• A phase transition in diffusion models reveals the hierarchical nature of data AI翻译
  作者：Sclocchi, Antonio; Favero, Alessandro; Wyart, Matthieu
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
  摘要：Understanding the structure of real data is paramount in advancing modern deep- learning methodologies. Natural data such as images are believed to be composed of features organized in a hierarchical and combinatorial manner, which neural networks capture during learning. Recent advancements show that diffusion models can generate high-quality images, hinting at their ability to capture this underlying compositional structure. We study this phenomenon in a hierarchical generative model of data...
• Efficacy of GABA aminotransferase inactivator OV329 in models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain without tolerance or addiction AI翻译
  作者：Wirt, Jonah L.; Ferreira, Luana Assis; Jesus, Carlos Henrique Alves; Woodward, Taylor J.; Oliva, Idaira; Xu, Zhili; Crystal, Jonathon D.; Pepin, Robert H.; Silverman, Richard B.; Hohmann, Andrea G.
  作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
  摘要：Dysregulation of GABAergic inhibition is associated with pathological pain. Consequently, enhancement of GABAergic transmission represents a potential analgesic strategy. However, therapeutic potential of current GABA agonists and modulators is limited by unwanted side effects. We postulated that inhibition of GABA's degradation enzyme, GABA aminotransferase (GABA-AT), would increase endogenous GABA levels and produce analgesia. We evaluated antinociceptive efficacy of the potent GABA-AT inhib...
• Structural and functional analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis MmpS5L5 efflux pump presages increased bedaquiline resistance AI翻译
  作者：Fountain, Adam J.; Bohning, Jan; McLaughlin, Stephen H.; Morgan, Tomos E.; Edelstein, Paul H.; Troll, Mark; Lamers, Meindert H.; Bharat, Tanmay A. M.; Luisi, Ben F.; Ramakrishnan, Lalita
  作者单位：MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)
  摘要：Bedaquiline, an antitubercular drug that targets ATP-synthase, is a key component of a new oral drug regimen that has revolutionized the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Clinical bedaquiline resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has rapidly emerged, primarily due to mutations in the transcriptional repressor Rv0678 that result in upregulation of the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump MmpS5/ MmpL5 (MmpS5L5). Here, to understand how MmpS5L5 effluxes bedaquiline, we...
• In vitro maturation of fully active [FeFe]- hydrogenase in a defined system including the iron carrier NfuA AI翻译
  作者：Marlott, Alexander; Pagnier, Adrien; Shepard, Eric M.; Balci, Batuhan; Teye, Abraham; Warui, Douglas M.; Yang, Hao; Drena, Alex; Booker, Squire J.; Hoffman, Brian M.; Broderick, William E.; Broderick, Joan B.
  作者单位：Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Northwestern University
  摘要：The [FeFe]- hydrogenase employs an active-site 6Fe H-cluster to catalyze the reversible reduction of protons to H2. A [4Fe-4S] subcluster of the H-cluster is synthesized by housekeeping iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery, and then dedicated hydrogenase maturation enzymes, together with components of the glycine cleavage system, build and deliver a [2Fe] subcluster to generate the full H-cluster. Here, we report that the Escherichia coli iron-sulfur carrier protein NfuA supports in vitro ma...