Climate change could amplify weak synchrony in large marine ecosystems

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Karatayev, Vadim A.; Munch, Stephan B.; Rogers, Tanya L.; Reuman, Daniel C.
• 署名单位: University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Kansas; University of Kansas; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-8788
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404155121
• 发表日期: 2025-01-07
• 关键词: population-dynamics; spatial synchrony; fluctuations; dispersal; pattern; size

摘要

Climate change is increasing the frequency of large- scale, extreme environmental events and flattening environmental gradients. Whether such changes will cause spatially synchronous, large- scale population declines depends on mechanisms that limit metapopulation synchrony, thereby promoting rescue effects and stability. Using long- term data and empirical dynamic models, we quantified spatial heterogeneity in density dependence, spatial heterogeneity in environmental responses, and environmental gradients to assess their role in inhibiting synchrony across 36 marine fish and invertebrate species. Overall, spatial heterogeneity in population dynamics was as important as environmental drivers in explaining population variation. This heterogeneity leads to weak synchrony in the California Current Ecosystem, where populations exhibit diverse responses to shared, large- scale environmental change. In contrast, in the Northeast U.S. Shelf Ecosystem, gradients in average environmental conditions among locations, filtered through nonlinear environmental response curves, limit synchrony. Simulations predict that environmental gradients and response diversity will continue to inhibit synchrony even if large- scale environmental extremes become common. However, if environmental gradients weaken, synchrony and periods of large- scale population decline may rise sharply among commercially important species on the Northeast Shelf. Our approach thus allows ecologists to 1) quantify how differences among local communities underpin landscape- scale resilience and 2) identify the kinds of future climatic changes most likely to amplify synchrony and erode species stability.