Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Enzymatic carbon-fluorine bond cleavage by human gut microbes AI翻译
  作者：Probst, Silke I.; Felder, Florian D.; Poltorak, Victoria; Mewalal, Ritesh; Blaby, Ian K.; Robinson, Serina L.
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  摘要：Fluorinated compounds are used for agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and numerous industrial applications, resulting in global contamination. In many molecules, fluorine is incorporated to enhance the half-life and improve bioavailability. Fluorinated compounds enter the human body through food, water, and xenobiotics including pharmaceuticals, exposing gut microbes to these substances. The human gut microbiota is known for its xenobiotic biotransformation capabilities, but it was not previously k...
• Reply to Uveges et al.: The assumption of a time- constant emission factor leads to biased estimates of fossil fuel methane emissions AI翻译
  作者：Michel, Sylvia Englund; Lan, Xin; Miller, John; Tans, Pieter; Clark, Justin Reid; Schaefer, Hinrich; Sperlich, Peter; Brailsford, Gordon; Morimoto, Shinji; Moossen, Heiko; Li, Jianghanyang
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA) - New Zealand; Tohoku University; Max Planck Society
• Dismantling EPA's research office jeopardizes environmental safety, public health, and US competitiveness AI翻译
  作者：Glaberman, Scott; Frey, H. Christopher; Tal, Tamara
  作者单位：University of Birmingham; North Carolina State University; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ)
• Reversible molecular simulation for training classical and machine-learning force fields AI翻译
  作者：Greener, Joe G.
  作者单位：MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology
  摘要：The next generation of force fields for molecular dynamics will be developed using a wealth of data. Training systematically with experimental data remains a challenge, however, especially for machine-learning potentials. Differentiable molecular simulation calculates gradients of observables with respect to parameters through molecular dynamics trajectories. Here, we improve this approach by explicitly calculating gradients using a reverse-time simulation with effectively constant memory cost...
• CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 regulates ROS homeostasis and oxidative stress responses (vol 09 , 17129-17134, 2012) AI翻译
  作者：Lai, Alvina Grace; Doherty, Colleen J.; Mueller-Roeber, Bernd; Kay, Steve A.; Schippers, Jos H. M.; Dijkwel, Paul P.
• Estimating wage disparities using foundation models AI翻译
  作者：Vafa, Keyon; Athey, Susan; Blei, David M.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Columbia University; Columbia University
  摘要：The rise of foundation models marks a paradigm shift in machine learning: instead of training specialized models from scratch, foundation models are trained on massive datasets before being adjusted or fine-tuned to make predictions on smaller datasets. Initially developed for text, foundation models have also excelled at making predictions about social science data. However, while many estimation problems in the social sciences use prediction as an intermediate step, they ultimately require d...
• Structure-function coupling in the first month of life: Associations with age and attention AI翻译
  作者：Tooley, Ursula A.; Kenley, Jeanette K.; Camacho, M. Catalina; Latham, Aidan; Alexopoulos, Dimitrios; Nielsen, Ashley N.; Smyser, Tara A.; Warner, Barbara B.; Shimony, Joshua S.; Neil, Jeffrey J.; Luby, Joan L.; Barch, Deanna M.; Rogers, Cynthia E.; Smyser, Christopher D.
  作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL)
  摘要：How brain structure relates to function is a critical and open question in neuroscience. Here, we characterize regional variation in structure-function coupling, capturing the degree to which a cortical region's structural connections relate to patterns of coordinated neural activity in healthy, term-born neonates (n = 239). Regional structure-function coupling is heterogeneously patterned across the cortex, with higher coupling in the auditory, lateral prefrontal, and inferior parietal cortic...
• Why excluding regenerative grazing skews beef's carbon profile AI翻译
  作者：Apanovich, Nataliya; Weeks, Deseret
  作者单位：University of Arizona; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University
• Oxr1 and Ncoa7 regulate V- ATPase to achieve optimal pH for glycosylation within the Golgi apparatus and trans- Golgi network AI翻译
  作者：Yoshimura, Shin-ichiro; Sobajima, Tomoaki; Kunii, Masataka; Harada, Akihiro
  作者单位：University of Osaka
  摘要：Maintenance of pH within membranous organelles is crucial for cellular processes such as posttranslational modifications, ligand-receptor interactions, and proteostasis. The precise mechanisms that determine the luminal pH of each organelle are not fully understood. This study investigated the mechanisms that regulate luminal pH to ensure optimal enzymatic activity. We identified Oxr1 and its paralog Ncoa7, which regulate the vacuolar-type proton pump ATPase (V-ATPase) at the Golgi apparatus a...
• Inflammatory cytokine upd3 induces axon length-dependent synapse removal by glia AI翻译
  作者：Tenedini, Federico Marcello; Yin, Chang; Huang, Jessica M.; Dhiman, Neena; Soba, Peter; Parrish, Jay Z.
  作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; University of Bonn
  摘要：Many neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) preferentially affect neurons with long or complex axonal arbors but the cellular and molecular bases for neurite length-dependent vulnerability of neurons to degeneration is largely unknown. Using Drosophila sensory neurons as a model system we show that neuronal activation of the integrated stress response triggers expression of the Interleukin-6 homolog unpaired3 (upd3), which is both necessary and sufficient for axon length-dependent degeneration of ...