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作者：Dunkelmann, Daniel L.; Piedrafita, Carlos; Dickson, Alexandre; Liu, Kim C.; Elliott, Thomas S.; Fiedler, Marc; Bellini, Dom; Zhou, Andrew; Cervettini, Daniele; Chin, Jason W.
作者单位：MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC)
摘要：The genetic code of living cells has been reprogrammed to enable the site-specific incorporation of hundreds of non-canonical amino acids into proteins, and the encoded synthesis of non-canonical polymers and macrocyclic peptides and depsipeptides1-3. Current methods for engineering orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to acylate new monomers, as required for the expansion and reprogramming of the genetic code, rely on translational readouts and therefore require the monomers to be ribosomal ...
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作者：Asgari, Samira; Pousaz, Lionel A.
作者单位：Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
摘要：An exploration of more than 1,600 ancient Eurasian genomes suggests that genetic changes that increase autoimmune-disease risk in modern Europeans could have protected ancient Europeans from pathogens.
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作者：Tian, Xu; Sarkis, Joseph
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Worcester Polytechnic Institute
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作者：Xiang, Junsen; Zhang, Chuandi; Gao, Yuan; Schmidt, Wolfgang; Schmalzl, Karin; Wang, Chin-Wei; Li, Bo; Xi, Ning; Liu, Xin-Yang; Jin, Hai; Li, Gang; Shen, Jun; Chen, Ziyu; Qi, Yang; Wan, Yuan; Jin, Wentao; Li, Wei; Sun, Peijie; Su, Gang
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physics, CAS; Beihang University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Theoretical Physics, CAS; Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL); Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation; Tsinghua University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS; Fudan University; Fudan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Beihang University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
摘要：Supersolid, an exotic quantum state of matter that consists of particles forming an incompressible solid structure while simultaneously showing superfluidity of zero viscosity(1), is one of the long-standing pursuits in fundamental research(2,3). Although the initial report of He-4 supersolid turned out to be an artefact(4), this intriguing quantum matter has inspired enthusiastic investigations into ultracold quantum gases(5,6,7,8). Nevertheless, the realization of supersolidity in condensed ...
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作者：Russell, Andrew J. C.; Weir, Jackson A.; Nadaf, Naeem M.; Shabet, Matthew; Kumar, Vipin; Kambhampati, Sandeep; Raichur, Ruth; Marrero, Giovanni J.; Liu, Sophia; Balderrama, Karol S.; Vanderburg, Charles R.; Shanmugam, Vignesh; Tian, Luyi; Iorgulescu, J. Bryan; Yoon, Charles H.; Wu, Catherine J.; Macosko, Evan Z.; Chen, Fei
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作者：Wakchaure, Vijay N.; DeSnoo, William; Laconsay, Croix J.; Leutzsch, Markus; Tsuji, Nobuya; Tantillo, Dean J.; List, Benjamin
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of California System; University of California Davis; Hokkaido University
摘要：Asymmetric catalysis is an advanced area of chemical synthesis, but the handling of abundantly available, purely aliphatic hydrocarbons has proven to be challenging. Typically, heteroatoms or aromatic substructures are required in the substrates and reagents to facilitate an efficient interaction with the chiral catalyst. Confined acids have recently been introduced as tools for homogenous asymmetric catalysis, specifically to enable the processing of small unbiased substrates1. However, asymm...
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作者：[Anonymous]
摘要：Soot and other remnants of fires record ancient warfare along the storied trade route.
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作者：Hall, Shannon
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作者：Milicevic, Nemanja; Jenner, Lasse; Myasnikov, Alexander; Yusupov, Marat; Yusupova, Gulnara
作者单位：Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
摘要：One of the most critical steps of protein synthesis is coupled translocation of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) required to advance the mRNA reading frame by one codon. In eukaryotes, translocation is accelerated and its fidelity is maintained by elongation factor 2 (eEF2)1,2. At present, only a few snapshots of eukaryotic ribosome translocation have been reported3-5. Here we report ten high-resolution cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the elongating eukaryot...
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作者：Cogno, Soledad Gonzalo; Obenhaus, Horst A.; Lautrup, Ane; Jacobsen, R. Irene; Clopath, Claudia; Andersson, Sebastian O.; Donato, Flavio; Moser, May-Britt; Moser, Edvard I.
作者单位：Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Imperial College London; University of Basel; Max Planck Society
摘要：The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) hosts many of the brain's circuit elements for spatial navigation and episodic memory, operations that require neural activity to be organized across long durations of experience1. Whereas location is known to be encoded by spatially tuned cell types in this brain region2,3, little is known about how the activity of entorhinal cells is tied together over time at behaviourally relevant time scales, in the second-to-minute regime. Here we show that MEC neuronal...
