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作者：Gearon, James H.; Martin, Harrison K.; DeLisle, Clarke; Barefoot, Eric A.; Mohrig, David; Paola, Chris; Edmonds, Douglas A.
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Avulsing rivers create new pathways on the floodplain and the associated flooding can profoundly affect society(1-4). River avulsions are thought to occur when the water column becomes perched above the floodplain5 or when the slope down the flanks of the channel provides a steeper descent than the existing river channel(6,7). We test these classical ideas by quantifying the topography around avulsing rivers and show that these mechanisms, historically invoked separately, work together. Near c...
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作者：Zou, Zhongyu; Dou, Xiaoyang; Li, Ying; Zhang, Zijie; Wang, Juan; Gao, Boyang; Xiao, Yu; Wang, Yiding; Zhao, Lijie; Sun, Chenxi; Liu, Qinzhe; Yu, Xianbin; Wang, Hao; Hong, Juyeong; Dai, Qing; Yang, Feng-Chun; Xu, Mingjiang; He, Chuan
作者单位：University of Chicago; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Chicago; University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio
摘要：Mutation of tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (encoded by TET2) drives myeloid malignancy initiation and progression(1-3). TET2 deficiency is known to cause a globally opened chromatin state and activation of genes contributing to aberrant haematopoietic stem cell self-renewal(4,5). However, the open chromatin observed in TET2-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells, leukaemic cells and haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells(5) is inconsistent with the designated role of DNA 5-methylcytosine oxi...
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作者：Hoeg-Jensen, Thomas; Kruse, Thomas; Brand, Christian L.; Sturis, Jeppe; Fledelius, Christian; Nielsen, Peter K.; Nishimura, Erica; Madsen, Alice R.; Lykke, Lennart; Halskov, Kim S.; Koscova, Simona; Kotek, Vladislav; Davis, Anthony P.; Tromans, Robert A.; Tomsett, Michael; Penuelas-Haro, Guillem; Leonard, Daniel J.; Orchard, Michael G.; Chapman, Andy; Invernizzi, Gaetano; Johansson, Eva; Granata, Daniele; Hansen, Bo F.; Pedersen, Thomas A.; Kildegaard, Jonas; Pedersen, Karen-Margrethe; Refsgaard, Hanne H. F.; Alifrangis, Lene; Fels, Johannes J.; Neutzsky-Wulff, Anita V.; Sauerberg, Per; Slaaby, Rita
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：The risk of inducing hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose) constitutes the main challenge associated with insulin therapy for diabetes(1,2). Insulin doses must be adjusted to ensure that blood glucose values are within the normal range, but matching insulin doses to fluctuating glucose levels is difficult because even a slightly higher insulin dose than needed can lead to a hypoglycaemic incidence, which can be anything from uncomfortable to life-threatening. It has therefore been a long-standing ...
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作者：Michel-Mata, Sebastian; Kawakatsu, Mari; Sartini, Joseph; Kessinger, Taylor A.; Plotkin, Joshua B.; Tarnita, Corina E.
作者单位：Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Princeton University; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：Reputations are critical to human societies, as individuals are treated differently based on their social standing(1,2). For instance, those who garner a good reputation by helping others are more likely to be rewarded by third parties(3-5). Achieving widespread cooperation in this way requires that reputations accurately reflect behaviour(6) and that individuals agree about each other's standings(7). With few exceptions(8-10), theoretical work has assumed that information is limited, which hi...
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作者：Stoop, Mitchel; de Koter, Alex; Kaper, Lex; Brands, Sarah; Portegies Zwart, Simon; Sana, Hugues; Stoppa, Fiorenzo; Gieles, Mark; Mahy, Laurent; Shenar, Tomer; Guo, Difeng; Nelemans, Gijs; Rieder, Steven
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Radboud University Nijmegen; ICREA; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC); University of Barcelona; Tel Aviv University
摘要：Massive stars are predominantly born in stellar associations or clusters(1). Their radiation fields, stellar winds and supernovae strongly impact their local environment. In the first few million years of a cluster's life, massive stars are dynamically ejected and run away from the cluster at high speed(2). However, the production rate of dynamically ejected runaways is poorly constrained. Here we report on a sample of 55 massive runaway stars ejected from the young cluster R136 in the Large M...
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作者：Yang, Yang; Sai, Hiroaki; Egner, Simon A.; Qiu, Ruomeng; Palmer, Liam C.; Stupp, Samuel I.
作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University
摘要：Ferroelectric structures have spontaneous macroscopic polarization that can be inverted using external electric fields and have potential applications including information storage, energy transduction, ultralow-power nanoelectronics(1,2) and biomedical devices(3). These functions would benefit from nanoscale control of ferroelectric structure, the ability to switch polarization with lower applied fields (low coercive field) and biocompatibility. Soft ferroelectrics based on poly(vinylidene fl...
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作者：Lyu, Qianqian; Xue, Wenzhi; Liu, Ruixin; Ma, Qinyun; Kasaragod, Vikram Babu; Sun, Shan; Li, Qian; Chen, Yanru; Yuan, Mingyang; Yang, Yuying; Zhang, Bing; Nie, Aifang; Jia, Sheng; Shen, Chongrong; Gao, Po; Rong, Weifang; Yu, Chenxi; Bi, Yufang; Zhang, Chunlei; Nan, Fajun; Ning, Guang; Rao, Zihe; Yang, Xiuna; Wang, Jiqiu; Wang, Weiqing
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS; Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris
摘要：Although fat is a crucial source of energy in diets, excessive intake leads to obesity. Fat absorption in the gut is prevailingly thought to occur organ-autonomously by diffusion(1-3). Whether the process is controlled by the brain-to-gut axis, however, remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) plays a key part in this process. Inactivation of DMV neurons reduces intestinal fat absorption and consequently causes weight loss, whereas activation of...
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作者：Narasimhan, Harish; Cheon, In Su; Qian, Wei; Hu, Sheng'en Shawn; Parimon, Tanyalak; Li, Chaofan; Goplen, Nick; Wu, Yue; Wei, Xiaoqin; Son, Young Min; Fink, Elizabeth; Santos, Gislane de Almeida; Tang, Jinyi; Yao, Changfu; Muehling, Lyndsey; Canderan, Glenda; Kadl, Alexandra; Cannon, Abigail; Young, Samuel; Hannan, Riley; Bingham, Grace; Arish, Mohammed; Sen Chaudhari, Arka; Im, Jun Sub; Mattingly, Cameron L. R.; Pramoonjago, Patcharin; Marchesvsky, Alberto; Sturek, Jeffrey; Kohlmeier, Jacob E.; Shim, Yun Michael; Woodfolk, Judith; Zang, Chongzhi; Chen, Peter; Sun, Jie
作者单位：University of Virginia; University of Virginia; University of Virginia; University of Virginia; Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Mayo Clinic; Chung Ang University; University of Virginia; University of Virginia; University of Virginia; Emory University; University of Virginia; Cedars Sinai Medical Center
摘要：The long-term physiological consequences of respiratory viral infections, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic-termed post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC)-are rapidly evolving into a major public health concern(1-3). While the cellular and molecular aetiologies of these sequelae are poorly defined, increasing evidence implicates abnormal immune responses(3-6) and/or impaired organ recovery(7-9) after infection. However, the precise mechanisms that link these processes in ...
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作者：Larson, James G.; Thompson, David W. J.; Hurrell, James W.
作者单位：Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; University of East Anglia
摘要：The western boundary currents are characterized by narrow, intense ocean jets and are among the most energetic phenomena in the world ocean. The importance of the western boundary currents to the mean climate is well established: they transport vast quantities of heat from the subtropics to the midlatitudes(1), and they govern the structure of the climatological mean surface winds(2-6), precipitation(4-6) and extratropical storm tracks(7-13). Their importance to climate variability is much les...
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作者：Lai, Jiameng; Kooijmans, Linda M. J.; Sun, Wu; Lombardozzi, Danica; Campbell, J. Elliott; Gu, Lianhong; Luo, Yiqi; Kuai, Le; Sun, Ying
作者单位：Cornell University; Wageningen University & Research; Carnegie Institution for Science; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology
摘要：Terrestrial photosynthesis, or gross primary production (GPP), is the largest carbon flux in the biosphere, but its global magnitude and spatiotemporal dynamics remain uncertain(1). The global annual mean GPP is historically thought to be around 120PgCyr(-1) (refs.(2-6)), which is about 30-50PgCyr(-1) lower than GPP inferred from the oxygen-18 (O-18) isotope(7) and soil respiration(8). This disparity is a source of uncertainty in predicting climate-carbon cycle feedbacks(9,10). Here we infer G...
