8130期

最新文章

• Food systems transformation would reshape global agriculture AI翻译
  作者：Gibson, Matthew; Sundiang, Marina; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel; Diniz Oliveira, Thais; Beier, Felicitas; Benavidez, Lauren; Bos, Astrid; Chepeliev, Maksym; Doelman, Jonathan; Dunston, Shahnila; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Hasegawa, Tomoko; Havlik, Petr; Hristov, Jordan; Jagermeyr, Jonas; Kozicka, Marta; Kuiper, Marijke; Kyle, Page; de Lange, Thijs; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Luchtenbelt, Hermen; Chen, David Meng-Chuen; Mishra, Abhijeet; Muller, Christoph; Nelson, Gerald; Palazzo, Amanda; Perez Dominguez, Ignacio; Popp, Alexander; Sands, Ronald; Springmann, Marco; Stehfest, Elke; Sulser, Timothy B.; Takahashi, Kiyoshi; Tassinari, Gianmaria; Thom, Ferike; Thornton, Philip; Tsuchiya, Kazuaki; van Zeist, Willem-Jan; van Meijl, Hans; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique; Van Vuuren, Detlef; van Zanten, Hannah H. E.; Weindl, Isabelle; Wiebe, Keith; Zhao, Xin; Herrero, Mario
  作者单位：Cornell University; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; Cornell University; Wageningen University & Research; Potsdam Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung; Purdue University System; Purdue University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Kyoto University; Ritsumeikan University; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); Columbia University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Goddard Institute for Space Studies; Wageningen University & Research; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Humboldt University of Berlin; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universitat Kassel; University of London; University College London; University of Oxford; National Institute for Environmental Studies - Japan; Johann Heinrich von Thunen Institute; CGIAR; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); Wageningen University & Research
  摘要：Food systems are a major contributor to exceeding planetary boundaries1, 2-3 and poor quality diets are a key mortality risk globally4. Projected population and income growth could exacerbate these challenges5. In response, there are calls for transformation towards healthy and sustainable food systems6, 7-8. However, the scale and distribution of the impacts of this transformation on agriculture are underexplored. Here we show that, by 2050, the transformation of food systems towards healthy ...
• Atomic-scale double-slit interferometry with a focused electron probe AI翻译
  作者：Tabata, Koudai; Seki, Takehito; Susi, Toma; Ishikawa, Ryo; Shibata, Naoya
  作者单位：University of Tokyo; Japan Science & Technology Agency (JST); University of Vienna; Japan Fine Ceramics Center
  摘要：Since Young's original work with light1, double-slit interference experiments have been paradigmatic demonstrations of wave-particle duality2, 3, 4, 5-6. They now underpin modern electron, neutron, atom and molecule interferometers, whose fringe visibility and phase encode quantitative information about both the wave and the diffracting object. Extending this to atomic length scales would offer direct, local access to microscopic structure and dynamics, but has remained unexplored. Here we sho...
• Enzymatic glycosylation and amidation reshapes polyene bioactivity AI翻译
  作者：Mirza, Saadia N.; Carella, Alberto; Thompson, Joseph W.; Panda, Deepanjan; McDonald, Anna R. I.; Crossley, Matthew D.; Thong, Wei Li; Robins, Katherine J.; Shepherd, Sarah. A.; Cliff, Matthew J.; Valero, Clara; Thom, Andrew; Bromley, Michael; Micklefield, Jason
  作者单位：Imperial College London; University of Manchester; University of Manchester
  摘要：Fungal diseases are an escalating threat to human health, driven by rising antimicrobial resistance and a lack of new antifungal treatments1,2. Polyenes, a class of complex natural products, have been widely used as antifungal agents due to their broad-spectrum activity3. However, their clinical use is limited by severe toxicity and poor solubility, making safer and more effective alternatives urgently needed4. Previous efforts to generate improved polyenes have relied on costly, step-ineffici...
• Current therapeutic landscape and future treatment perspectives of MASH AI翻译
  作者：Gallage, Suchira; Govaere, Olivier; Anstee, Quentin M.; Shulman, Gerald I.; Tacke, Frank; Heikenwalder, Mathias
  摘要：Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), the progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a heterogeneous and systemic disease that confers risk not only for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but also for extrahepatic complications including cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Over the past decade, numerous late-stage clinical trials have advanced the therapeutic landscape of MASH, culminating in a pivotal in...
• Why are rich people so pessimistic? What the numbers say AI翻译
  作者：Gaub, Florence
  作者单位：NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation)
• Exceptional brain and ecological diversity in the earliest snakes AI翻译
  作者：Simoes, Tiago R.; Sobral, Gabriela; Macri, Simone; Ebel, Roy; Fachini, Thiago S.; Martinelli, Agustin G.; Nava, William R.; Paixao, Giovanna M. X.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Di-Poi, Nicolas; Hsiou, Annie S.
  作者单位：Princeton University; University of Helsinki; Australian National University; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (MACN); Universidade de Sao Paulo
  摘要：Understanding the ecological origin of snakes has remained a century-old challenge1,2, hindered by an extremely sparse early fossil record and conflicting interpretations of fossil ecologies. Here we describe an exceptionally preserved Cretaceous fossil snake, Tametara mirim gen. et sp. nov., from Brazil, representing one of the earliest-diverging stem snakes. High-resolution micro-CT scans reveal unprecedented details of cranial nerves, inner ear and brain anatomy, enabling the most integrate...
• Explainable deep learning improves human mental models of self-driving cars AI翻译
  作者：Kenny, Eoin M.; Dharmavaram, Akshay; Lee, Sang Uk; Phan-Minh, Tung; Rajesh, Shreyas; Hu, Yunqing; Major, Laura; Tomov, Momchil S.; Shah, Julie A.
  摘要：Self-driving cars increasingly rely on deep neural networks to achieve human-like driving1, 2-3. The opacity of these black-box planners makes it challenging to accurately anticipate when they will fail4, 5-6, with potentially catastrophic consequences7, 8-9. Although research into interpreting these systems has surged, most of it is confined to simulations or toy setups because of the difficulty of real-world deployment10,11, leaving the practical utility of these techniques unknown. Here, we...
• Synthesis of pyrroles from isoxazoles by an O-to-C skeletal edit AI翻译
  作者：Bracken, Abigail J.; Lawrie, Alexandra P.; Romita, Isabella F.; Levin, Mark D.
  作者单位：University of Chicago
  摘要：Isoxazoles and pyrroles feature prominently in pharmaceutical and bioactive compounds of interest1,2. Although their core structures differ by only a single atom (O versus C), their respective de novo ring assemblies require vastly different syntheses, as the electronically consonant isoxazole core is amenable to a range of disconnections that are inaccessible for the corresponding pyrroles3,4. Given the structural similarity between these two heterocyclic classes, skeletal editing offers an o...
• Synthetic vulnerabilities of mesenchymal subpopulations in pancreatic cancer ( vol 542 , 362 , 2017) AI翻译
  作者：Genovese, Giannicola; Carugo, Alessandro; Tepper, James; Robinson, Frederick Scott; Li, Liren; Svelto, Maria; Nezi, Luigi; Corti, Denise; Minelli, Rosalba; Pettazzoni, Piergiorgio; Gutschner, Tony; Wu, Chia-Chin; Seth, Sahil; Akdemir, Kadir Caner; Leo, Elisabetta; Amin, Samirkumar; Molin, Marco Dal; Ying, Haoqiang; Kwong, Lawrence N.; Colla, Simona; Takahashi, Koichi; Ghosh, Papia; Giuliani, Virginia; Muller, Florian; Dey, Prasenjit; Jiang, Shan; Garvey, Jill; Liu, Chang-Gong; Zhang, Jianhua; Heffernan, Timothy P.; Toniatti, Carlo; Fleming, Jason B.; Goggins, Michael G.; Wood, Laura D.; Sgambato, Alessandro; Agaimy, Abbas; Maitra, Anirban; Roberts, Charles W. M.; Wang, Huamin; Viale, Andrea; DePinho, Ronald A.; Draetta, Giulio F.; Chin, Lynda
• An expanded codebook of human transcription factor DNA-binding specificity AI翻译
  作者：Jolma, Arttu; Laverty, Kaitlin U.; Fathi, Ali; Yang, Ally W. H.; Yellan, Isaac; Vorontsov, Ilya E.; Gralak, Antoni J.; Kribelbauer-Swietek, Judith F.; Inukai, Sachi; Razavi, Rozita; Albu, Mihai; Brechalov, Alexander; Patel, Zain M.; Nozdrin, Vladimir; Meshcheryakov, Georgy; Buyan, Andrey; Kozin, Ivan; Abramov, Sergey; Boytsov, Alexandr; Morris, Quaid; Weirauch, Matthew T.; Fornes, Oriol; Makeev, Vsevolod J.; Grau, Jan; Grosse, Ivo; Bucher, Philipp; Deplancke, Bart; Kulakovskiy, Ivan V.; Hughes, Timothy R.
  作者单位：University of Toronto; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; University of Toronto; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+); Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; University of Southern California; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biochemistry & Genetics of Ufa Science Centre of the RAS; University System of Ohio; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati; University System of Ohio; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg; University of Manchester
  摘要：Gene expression is regulated by transcription factors (TFs), which recognize specific DNA sequence motifs. Several hundred putative human TFs, identified mainly by an apparent DNA-binding domain, lack known binding motifs1. Furthermore, even for well-characterized TFs, it remains controversial the degree to which motifs accurately reflect binding sites in living cells2. Here we describe a systematic effort ('Codebook') to determine the sequence specificity of 332 putative and poorly characteri...