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作者：Morchio, Iacopo; Moser, Christian
作者单位：University of Bristol; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Using linked employer-employee data from Brazil, we document a significant gender pay gap, which is largely attributed to women working at lower-paying employers. To interpret this fact, we develop an equilibrium search model with endogenous firm pay, amenities, and hiring. We provide a constructive proof of identification of all model parameters. The estimated model suggests that amenities are important for both men and women, and that compensating differentials account for half of the gender...
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作者：Jensen, Mathias Fjaellegaard; Zhang, Ning
作者单位：University of Oxford; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：We use Danish administrative data to examine the effects of parental death on labor market outcomes. Leveraging the timing of sudden, first parental deaths and a matched-control difference-in-differences strategy, we find that men's earnings decline by 2 percent, while women's earnings decline by 3 percent following a parental death. Both women and men experience mental health deterioration, leading to increased use of psychological assistance and prescriptions for mental health conditions and...
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作者：Huremovic, Kenan; Jimenez, Gabriel; Moral-benito, Enrique; Peydro, Jose-luis; Vega-redondo, Fernando
作者单位：IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca; Banco de Espana
摘要：We show that bank shocks to firms propagate along the production network with stronger upstream than downstream effects. Our identification relies on (i) administrative datasets from Spain covering supplier-customer transactions and bank loans, (ii) bank credit supply shocks from the global financial crisis, and (iii) a general equilibrium model of a production network with financial frictions, estimated structurally. We find network propagation amplifies the impact of bank shocks on GDP growt...
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作者：Adger, Chandon; Ross, Matthew B.; Sloan, Carly Will
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Northeastern University - China; United States Department of Defense; United States Army
摘要：The influence of on-the-job training and supervisors, especially in high-stakes settings like policing, is poorly understood. Examining a central behavior in the debate surrounding police reform, we investigate the impact of a field training officer (FTO) on a recruit's use of force. Leveraging a setting with conditional as-good-as-random assignment, we demonstrate a causal link between FTO and recruit use of force. A 1 standard deviation increase in FTO force propensity leads to a 14 to 18 pe...
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作者：Albert, Christoph; Glitz, Albrecht; Llull, Joan
作者单位：University of Turin; Collegio Carlo Alberto; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：This paper shows that the wage assimilation of immigrants is the result of the intricate interplay between individual skill accumulation and dynamic labor market equilibrium effects. When immigrants and natives are imperfect substitutes, rising immigrant inflows widen the wage gap between them. Using a production function framework in which workers supply both general and host-country-speciic skills, we show that this labor market competition channel explains about one-ifth of the large increa...
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作者：Ambuehl, Sandro; Bernheim, B. Douglas
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Zurich; Stanford University
摘要：We study social preferences in settings where someone who chooses on behalf of others knows how those individuals rank the available options but may lack cardinal information concerning those comparisons. Contrary to majoritarian principles, most people place more weight on preventing least preferred outcomes for others than on enabling most preferred outcomes. Ranks matter both intrinsically and because they provide a basis for inferring cardinal utility. Ordinal aggregation principles are st...
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作者：Kumar, Noor; Lee, Uyseok; Lowe, Matt; Ogunnote, Olaitan
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：Weekly lotteries determine which politicians ask the UK prime minister a question in front of a male-dominated, noisy chamber. Lottery winners receive 4 percent higher vote margin in the next election, but women are 12 percent less likely to submit questions than same-cohort men. The gender gap does not close with lottery-induced experience asking a question, but it closes after a format change, with questions asked to a smaller, quieter audience. The switch differentially draws in women with ...
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作者：Aronoff, Daniel; Rafey, Will
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We introduce an empirical framework for valuing markets in environmental offsets. Using newly collected data on wetland conservation and offsets, we apply this framework to evaluate a set of decentralized markets in Florida, where land developers purchase offsets from long-lived producers who restore wetlands over time. We find offsets led to substantial private gains from trade, creating $2.4 billion of net surplus from 1995 to 2020 relative to direct conservation. Offset trading also generat...
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作者：Becko, John Sturm; Sztutman, Andre
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：A common interpretation of Pareto-efficient policies is that, for some cardinal utility representations of preferences, they maximize utilitarian welfare. We show in the context of income taxation that such cardinalizations are often extreme, requiring unbounded curvature of utility with respect to consumption. Taxes can be justified as utilitarian without these extreme cardinalizations if and only if revenues are decreasing and concave in a class of narrowly targeted tax cuts. We reformulate ...
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作者：Serra-Garcia, Marta
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：How does information transmission change when it requires attracting the attention of receivers? This paper combines an experiment that varies freelance professionals' incentives to attract attention about scientific findings, with several online experiments that exogenously expose receivers to the content created. Attention incentives lead to significantly less information being transmitted, but not more factually inaccurate content. These incentives increase information demand and the knowle...
