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作者：Borjas, George J.; Edo, Anthony
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Natives are expected to respond to the wage impact of immigration by moving across markets. We argue that the observed impact depends not only on the size of the native response but also on which natives choose to respond. Specifically, a nonrandom response produces a selection bias. We document its empirical relevance by showing that the strong feminization of the French immigrant workforce reduced the employment of native women, leading to sizable compositional shifts and no correlation betw...
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作者：Bjorkegren, Evelina; Lindahl, Mikael; Palme, Marten; Simeonova, Emilia
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of Gothenburg; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：We use data from a sample of adoptees born in Sweden to study to what extent the association between parental educational attainments and adult health of the child can be attributed to pre- or postbirth factors. We find significant and similarly sized associations between the educational attainment of both adoptive and biological parents and children's adult health outcomes. This suggests that growing up in a more educated household has long-term effects on health. However, the magnitude of th...
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作者：Jungbauer, Thomas
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：This paper analyzes the effects of firms posting multiple but varying numbers of vacancies, hence differing in their market power, in professional labor markets. I find that strategic wage posting does, in general, not result in an efficient assignment of workers to firms. This is because firms with a larger number of vacancies pay on average lower wages than their competitors due to a lack of within-firm rivalry. If highly productive firms hire more, the resulting welfare loss due to mismatch...
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作者：Wilson, Riley
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：I document a new fact about mobility within the United States. County-to-county migration and commuting drop discretely at state borders. People are three times as likely to move to a county 15 miles away in the same state than to an equally distant county across state lines. Standard economic explanations, like differences in amenities or moving costs, have little explanatory power. Experimental evidence suggests many people experience home state bias and discount out-of-state moves, independ...
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作者：Andresen, Martin Eckhoff; Lokken, Sturla A.
作者单位：University of Oslo; Statistics Norway
摘要：We exploit a randomized high-stakes exam in Norwegian high schools to evaluate consequences of exam fail for an academically marginal and policy-relevant group of students. Failing the exam more than doubles the dropout rate. By age 30, we find evidence for lower educational attainment but no significant effects on labor market earnings. This may be explained by flexible pathways in the educational system: failing students are more likely to switch to vocational training and be self-employed i...
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作者：Borra, Cristina; Gonzalez, Libertad; Costa-Ramon, Ana; Sevilla, Almudena
作者单位：University of Sevilla; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; University of Zurich; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We investigate the causal impact of a generous unconditional cash transfer at birth on children's health and academic performance. Using rich administrative data, we take advantage of the unexpected introduction of a baby bonus in Spain in 2007 and implement a difference-in-discontinuity approach comparing children born in the surrounding months in different years. We find little impact on children's health and test scores. We also fail to find meaningful changes in household structure, matern...
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作者：Ost, Ben; Pan, Weixiang; Webber, Douglas
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：We provide the first evidence that the employers of network contacts from college can influence job search success. In contrast to the peer effects literature that emphasizes peer characteristics, we examine how the hiring rate of in-network firms affects reemployment probabilities. To avoid endogeneity from voluntary transitions, we focus on individuals who experience mass layoffs. Using administrative data and a cross-cohort design, we find that network connections with actively hiring emplo...
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作者：Bolte, Lukas; Immorlica, Nicole; Jackson, Matthew O.
作者单位：Tilburg University; Yale University; Microsoft; Stanford University; The Santa Fe Institute
摘要：We study the consequences of job markets' heavy reliance on referrals. Referrals lead to more opportunities for workers to be hired, which lead to better matches and increased productivity but also disadvantage job seekers with few or no connections to employed workers, increasing inequality. Coupled with homophily, referrals also lead to immobility. We identify conditions under which distributing referrals more evenly reduces inequality and improves future productivity and mobility. We use th...
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作者：Feng, Shuaizhang; Kim, Jun Hyung; Yang, Zhe
作者单位：University of Jinan; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Liaoning University
摘要：Do peers in childhood influence the development of noncognitive skills? Despite a large literature on peer effects, this question remains largely unanswered. In this paper, we use Big Five Inventory measures of personality traits linked to the administrative records of children randomly assigned to primary school classrooms. We find that children exposed to left-behind classmates whose parents have temporarily migrated away for work become less conscientious, agreeable, and emotionally stable....
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作者：Ichino, Andrea; Olsson, Martin; Petrongolo, Barbara; Skogman Thoursie, Peter
作者单位：University of Bologna; European University Institute; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Stockholm University
摘要：We investigate the role of gender norms in shaping parental childcare following changes in the relative take-home pay of mothers and fathers. Exploiting variation from Swedish tax reforms, we estimate the elasticity of substitution in parental childcare for native and immigrant couples from a variety of countries characterized by varying gender norms. Couples originating from countries with relatively conservative norms are more likely to reallocate childcare to mothers following a reduction i...
