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作者：Gallipoli, Giovanni; Low, Hamish; Mitra, Aruni
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University of Manchester
摘要：This paper characterizes the joint evolution of income and consumption inequality across generations. We estimate a model featuring intergenerational persistence and family-independent idiosyncratic heterogeneity. We find that inequality in income and consumption is predominantly driven by idiosyncratic factors rather than intergenerational linkages. We show evidence of consumption insurance against idiosyncratic lifetime income risk, particularly for the bottom and top quartiles of income. Pa...
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作者：Izadi, Ramin; Tuhkuri, Joonas
作者单位：VATT Institute for Economic Research; Stockholm University
摘要：We analyze trends in labor market returns to psychological traits using data from half a million Finnish men from 2001 to 2015. Cognitive skills' value declined, while noncognitive skills' value increased. Our novel findings show that extraversion drives this rise, while conscientiousness remains stable. Extraversion's rising returns are most pronounced for lower earners and those on the employment margin. These traits predict different labor market paths: extraversion predicts lower education...
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作者：Frederiksen, Anders; Kato, Takao; Smith, Nina
作者单位：Aarhus University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Colgate University; Columbia University; Copenhagen Business School; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Using Danish registry data linked to the Labor Force Survey, we provide the first rigorous evidence with external validity on the hours-career nexus (positive association between hours and career success). Guided by three theories (human capital, rat race, tournament), we unpack the hours-career nexus through examining the differential effect of hours in the present firm and elsewhere, hours relative to peers' hours, standard versus evening/night/weekend hours, and the importance of sustaining...
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作者：Jin, David J.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：Firms are starting to replace humans with algorithms in important screening decisions, but there are potential spillovers of human biases contained in datasets to subsequent algorithmic predictions. When these biases are motivated by human prejudices, there are risks of algorithms perpetuating discrimination. I prove that when datasets are generated by a sufficiently discriminatory human, firms are more profitable when training discriminatory algorithms. If instead enough affirmative action is...
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作者：Muslimova, Dilnoza; van Kippersluis, Hans; Rietveld, Cornelius A.; von Hinke, Stephanie; Meddens, S. Fleur W.
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Tinbergen Institute; University of Bristol; University of Oxford
摘要：Firstborns, on average, complete more education than laterborns. We study whether individuals' endowments measured by genetic information amplify this effect. Our family fixed effects approach exploits exogenous variation in birth order and genetic endowments among 14,850 siblings in the UK Biobank. We find that those with higher genetic endowments benefit disproportionately more from being firstborn compared with those with lower endowments-a clean example of how nature and nurture interact i...
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作者：Kelley, Erin; Lane, Gregory; Pecenco, Matthew; Rubin, Edward
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Brown University; University of Oregon
摘要：Many workers are evaluated on their ability to engage with customers. We measure the impact of gender-based customer discrimination on the productivity of online sales agents in sub-Saharan Africa. Using a novel framework that randomly varies the gender of names presented to customers without changing worker behavior, we find that the assignment of a female-sounding name leads to 50% fewer purchases. Customers also lag in responding, are less expressive, and avoid discussing purchases. We show...
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作者：Kuhn, Peter; Osaki, Trevor; Yue, Lei
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：We use a vignette-based survey experiment to elicit respondents' assessments of the fairness of race-based hiring decisions and compare these assessments with the predictions of four preregistered ethical frameworks. While conservative respondents are much more accepting of discriminatory actions than others, respondents of all political leanings rate the relative fairness of different actions in a very similar way. A two-group framework in which one group (mostly self-described conservatives)...
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作者：Phipps, Aaron
摘要：In theory, monitoring can improve employee motivation and effort,particularly in settings lacking measurable outputs, but research as-sessing monitoring as a motivator is limited to laboratory settings.To address this gap, I leverage exogenous variation in the presenceand intensity of teacher monitoring, in the form of unannounced in-class observations as part of DC public schools'IMPACT program.As monitoring intensifies, teachers use more individualized teachingand emphasize higher-level lear...
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作者：Marchingiglio, Riccardo; Poyker, Michael
作者单位：Analysis Group Inc.; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Using full count US census data, we study the impact of early twentieth-century state-industry-specific minimum wage laws that primarily targeted female employees. Our triple-difference estimates suggest a null impact of the minimum wage laws, potentially reflecting disemployment effects and the positive selection bias of the workers remaining in the labor force. When comparing county-industry trends between counties straddling state borders, female employment is lower by around 3.1% in affect...
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作者：Heinesen, Eskil; Hvid, Christian; Kirkeboen, Lars; Leuven, Edwin; Mogstad, Magne
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Oslo; Statistics Norway; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
