-
作者：Zhou, Jin; Heckman, James; Liu, Bei; Lu, Mai
作者单位：City University of Hong Kong; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper develops and applies a new framework for estimating the causal impacts on child skills and the mechanisms producing these impacts using data from a large-scale randomized controlled study of a widely evaluated early-childhood home visiting program. We compare estimates from procedures that report treatment effects as unweighted averages of item scores with estimates adjusting for item difficulties. We generalize item response theory and Rasch model frameworks and estimate vectors of...
-
作者：Gaillard, Alexandre; Kankanamge, Sumudu
作者单位：Brown University; Le Mans Universite
摘要：This paper evaluates self-employment assistance (SEA) programs, which are government initiatives extending the unemployment insurance system to support unemployment to self-employment transitions. Using a general equilibrium model of the US labor market, we show that these programs have important labor market mobility effects and increase the self-employment rate. They also significantly impact the composition and performance outcomes of self-employment: while lump-sum subsidies select low-ski...
-
作者：Diemer, Andreas
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：I study the role of social networks in the propagation of economic shocks across space. Combining comprehensive data on US online friendships with extraction activity during the fracking boom, I show that exogenous changes in economic conditions in one area affect outcomes in socially proximate places, regardless of how far apart they are geographically. Social exposure to fracking generates a wage spillover amounting to one-third of every dollar of energy produced in a county's social network...
-
作者：Arellano-Bover, Jaime; Saltiel, Fernando
作者单位：Yale University; McGill University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We present evidence that is consistent with large disparities across firms in their on-the-job learning opportunities using administrative datasets from Brazil and Italy. We categorize firms into discrete classes-which our conceptual framework interprets as skill-learning classes-using a clustering methodology that groups together firms with similar distributions of unexplained wage growth. Mincerian returns to experience vary widely across experiences acquired in different firm classes. Four ...
-
作者：Mansfield, Jonathan; Slichter, David
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Binghamton University, SUNY
摘要：The rise of accountability programs was perhaps the most noticeable change in American education during the 1990s and early 2000s. We measure how these programs affected students' long-run outcomes. We find increases in income, occupational skill level, and attainment, though the labor market effects are insignificant in most specifications. A typical accountability regime with high-stakes testing in seven grades increased attainment by 0.1 years. Last, the pattern of occupational skill usage ...
-
作者：Lleras-Muney, Adriana; Miller, Matthew; Sheng, Shuyang; Sovero, Veronica
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; University of California System; University of California Riverside
摘要：We investigate the returns to adolescent friendships on earnings in adulthood using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Because both education and friendships are jointly determined in adolescence, ordinary least squares estimates of their returns are likely biased. We implement a novel procedure to obtain bounds on the causal returns to friendships: we assume that the returns to schooling range from 5% to 15% (on the basis of prior literature) and instrume...
-
作者：Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Johnson, Matthew S.; Tadjfar, Nagisa
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：The long-term decline in US workers' attempts to organize labor unions accelerated after 2000. We find that the swift rise of imports from China arising from a change in trade policy accounts for nearly all of this post-2000 acceleration: union certification elections decreased substantially among workers in manufacturing industries directly exposed to imports, but also among workers indirectly exposed through their local labor market. Consistent with a simple model of workers' decision to see...
-
作者：Solis, Alex
作者单位：Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion
摘要：This study examines the long-term effects of student loans and grants in Chile through a regression discontinuity design. It finds that university loans significantly boost degree completion, especially among women and low-income students, with marginal positive effects on employment and earnings for women. Vocational loans benefit only those ineligible for university loans. Conversely, grants, alongside loans, do not affect education or labor market outcomes. The limited impact of the tuition...
-
作者：Murphy, Francis X.; Turner, Sarah
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; United States Air Force Academy; University of Virginia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Weak local labor market conditions may change the trajectories of young adults who expected to find work. Well-documented responses include increasing educational investments, moving to more prosperous labor markets, or reducing labor force attachment. Military enlistment is a channel of potential adjustment that has received less study. Using data on Army recruits, we demonstrate a significant local response in enlistment to mass layoffs, characterized by increased labor supply to the militar...
-
作者：Karademir, Sencer; Laliberte, Jean-William; Staubli, Stefan
作者单位：University of Calgary
摘要：This paper examines the multigenerational impact of children and whether the public provision of formal childcare lessens the earnings and employment impacts of children. We find that the arrival of a firstborn reduces employment and earnings of mothers and employment of grandmothers. Studying a universal childcare program in Quebec, we find that formal childcare increases the employment rates of mothers as well as that of grandmothers to a lesser extent. Examining heterogeneity of the program...
