-
作者：Crema, Angela
作者单位：University of Rochester
摘要：I study the effects of charters on student racial segregation, identifying a novel mechanism: the assignment of White and non-White students to regular classrooms within their school-grade. Exploiting almost 100 entries of elementary charters in North Carolina from 1997 to 2015, I show that the announcement of an opening significantly increases classroom segregation within public schools nearby, relative to schools farther away, especially within non-majority-White schools and for charter open...
-
作者：Demalach, Elad; Schlosser, Analia
作者单位：Bank of Israel; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We estimate the causal impacts of universal preschool by leveraging a quasi-experimental design based on Israel's implementation of free public preschool for children ages 3 and 4 beginning in September 1999. We focus on the Arab population, who were the main beneficiaries of the first phase of the law's implementation. Using a difference-in-differences (DID) research design, we find that universal preschool enhanced individuals' academic performance from elementary school through high school,...
-
作者：Ager, Philipp; Hansen, Casper W.; Lin, Peter Z.
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Copenhagen; Western Kentucky University
摘要：We examine the impact of the free supply of diphtheria antitoxin, the first effective medical treatment for an infectious disease, on the historical health transition in Massachusetts. Using newly collected municipality-level data on the distribution of antitoxin and information from over 1.5 million death certificates from 1880 to 1914, we find that the rapid availability of antitoxin treatment significantly increased life expectancy at young ages. Our findings suggest that medicine, combined...
-
作者：Bremus, Franziska; Rieth, Malte
作者单位：Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg
摘要：We study the role of international financial integration in buffer-ing natural disaster shocks, using a large sample of advanced and emerging economies. Natural disasters are largely unpredictable and unrelated to the state of financial integration. We document that integration improves the absorption of such shocks: Output, con-sumption, and investment are significantly higher after a natural disaster in states with high than in states with low integration. The benefits are most clear for adv...
-
作者：Marioli, Francisco Arroyo; Vegh, Carlos A.
作者单位：The World Bank; Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A large literature has documented that fiscal policy is procyclical in emerging markets/developing countries and acyclical/countercycli-cal in advanced economies. This paper analyzes fiscal procyclicality in commodity-exporting countries. The paper makes two novel contributions. First, based on the when it rains, it pours phenomenon (that is, contractionary fiscal policy amplifies the business cycle), the paper shows that, on average, government spending magnifies the business cycle by 21 perc...
-
作者：Remmy, Kevin
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper develops a structural model of endogenous product attribute choice in the presence of indirect network effects to study electric vehicle (EV) subsidies. Using data on the German EV market, I find that a support scheme almost doubled EV sales but substantially affected EVs' price and driving range. These adjustments create a trade-off between optimizing different policy objectives when designing subsidies. Large purchase subsidies maximize EV sales, whereas large charging station sub...
-
作者：Berkouwer, Susanna B.; Dean, Joshua T.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：Many routine daily activities-such as cooking and commuting- cause large recurring pollution spikes that may impact health without significantly affecting average exposure. We study pollution spikes by combining experimental variation in cooking technology with high-frequency data on individual pollution exposure and time-use in Kenya. Improved cookstoves reduce PM2.5 spikes while cooking by 51.3 mu mu g mu g/ mu g/m mu g/m3 ( (41 percent) and cause a 0.24 standard deviation reduction in self-...
-
作者：Huttunen, Kristiina; Kaila, Martti; Macdonald, David C.; Nix, Emily
作者单位：Aalto University; VATT Institute for Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Glasgow; University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Okanagan; University of Southern California
摘要：Financial crimes are costly to society but less severely punished than other nonviolent crimes. We investigate whether prison sentences reduce financial crimes. Using random assignment of judges in Finland to identify causal impacts, we find a prison sentence reduces defendant reoffending by 42.9 percentage points three years postsentencing. Given prior evidence of financial misconduct contagion, we also explore spillovers on colleagues. A prison sentence reduces the likelihood that a financia...
-
作者：Eerola, Essi; Kosonen, Tuomas; Kotakorpi, Kaisa; Lyytikainen, Teemu
作者单位：Bank of Finland; Tampere University
摘要：We study rental income tax compliance using novel third-party information and a large-scale randomized field experiment. The third-party information combines register data on the ownership and occupancy of apartments. The RCT used this new third-party information in the targeting and design of experimental treatments, and increased the propensity to report rental income and the amount of reported rental income net of expenses. Our research design also allows us to identify members of ownership...
-
作者：Meinhofer, Angelica; Rubli, Adrian; Cunningham, Jamein e
作者单位：Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; National Bureau of Economic Research; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We estimate the direct and spillover effects of cannabis legalization on longstanding racial disparities in criminal justice outcomes. We find that legalization reduces cannabis possession and sales arrests for White and Black populations, narrowing but not eliminating disparities. We also find spillover increases in hospitalizations involving cannabis and other illegal drugs. However, spillovers on arrests, incarcerations, and crimes involving serious violent or property offenses are insignif...
