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作者：Ding, Hui
作者单位：Fudan University; Shanghai Institute of International Finance & Economics
摘要：The older population bears a heavy burden of mental illness. Despite the availability of effective treatments, including services (e.g., psychotherapy) and drugs (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics), this paper documents substantial geographic variation in treatment utilization rates among Medicare enrollees. Exploiting patient migration, I show that 45.8 percent of service utilization variation is attributable to place-specific factors, compared to 15.1 percent for drug utilization. Furthe...
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作者：Herskowitz, Sylvan; Blumenstock, Joshua E.; Ghani, Tarek; Kapstein, Ethan B.; Scherer, Thomas L.; Toomet, Ott
作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Washington University (WUSTL); Princeton University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：We provide empirical evidence on how insecurity affects firm behavior by linking data on deadly terrorist attacks in Afghanistan to geolocated data on corporate mobile phone activity. We first develop an approach to estimate the geographic footprint of firms based on employee locations. Using these measures, our main analysis shows that violent shocks reduce local firm presence by both increasing firm exit and decreasing entry. Firms respond most strongly to violence in their headquarters dist...
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作者：Silver, David; Zhang, Jonathan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA)
摘要：We study impacts of VA disability compensation on the health and well-being of the large and rapidly growing population of veterans claiming mental disorders. We leverage quasi-random assignment of veterans to medical examiners with varying assessing tendencies. An additional $1,000 per year decreases food insecurity and homelessness by 4.1 and 1.3 percent over 5 years. Health care utilization increases, with greater engagement in preventive care. We estimate precise null average effects on he...
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作者：Bagwe, Gaurav; Margitic, Juan; Stashko, Allison
作者单位：Emory University
摘要：We study how distance to one's polling place affects the likelihood of voting using a geographic regression discontinuity design with data from Pennsylvania and Georgia. A one-mile increase in distance to the polling place reduces the likelihood of voting in person by 1 to 3 percentage points. Effects are two to three times higher among those closest to the polling place. When available, voters substitute to mail-in voting as distance to the polling place increases. In counterfactual exercises...
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作者：Dominguez, Magdalena
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Globally, gang proliferation is fought primarily through sweeps. This paper uses a difference-in-differences strategy to examine their causal impact on crime for arrested individuals and their peers. Analysis focuses on the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, which underwent a notable policy shift. Findings reveal significant crime reductions among those arrested and their peers of 85 percent and 31 percent, respectively. Evidence suggests the first stems from incapacitation and the second from le...
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作者：Pless, Jacquelyn
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper studies whether grants and tax incentives for private R&D are complements or substitutes. I use multiple quasi-experimental research designs to examine firms in the United Kingdom and find that increasing tax credit generosity substantially enhances the effect of grant funding on R&D for small firms, suggesting that the instruments are complements. Financial constraints are likely at play. The effects are strongest for firms that appear constrained, and the combination of policies i...
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作者：Cox, Robynn; Cunningham, Jamein P.; Ortega, Alberto; Whaley, Kenneth
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida
摘要：Exploiting the arrangement of railroad tracks in northern cities, we explore the extent to which segregation impacts homicide victimization by race. Our results reveal a robust positive relationship between segregation and non-White homicide victimization. In addition, we find a decrease in public provisions, as highly segregated locations generate fewer revenues and have lower public expenditures. Our findings suggest that White flight and segregation deplete the local tax base, leading to ur...
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作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Engelberg, Joseph; Lu, Runjing; Mullins, William
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Toronto; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We estimate that 3.1 percent of US voters, or 6.1 million individuals, were registered to vote in two states in 2020, opening up the possibility for them to choose where to vote. Double registrants are concentrated in the wealthiest zip codes and respond to both incentives and costs, disproportionately choosing to vote in swing states (higher incentive) and states that automatically send out mail-in ballots (lower cost). We call this behavior Cross-State Strategic Voting. While others have doc...
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作者：Aidt, Toke S.; Lacroix, Jean; Meon, Pierre-Guillaume
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Universite Paris Saclay; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：We examine how connections shaped transitional justice during France's post-WWII democratic transition. Parliamentarians who had supported the Vichy regime faced a two-stage purge process involving two courts. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that law graduates-an influential group with ties to one of the courts-had a 10 to 14 percentage point higher acquittal rate. We analyze 17,589 documents in individual defendants' files to explain this difference. According to this anal...
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作者：Neprash, Hannah; McGlave, Claire; Nikpay, Sayeh
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：As cybercriminals increasingly target health care, hospitals face the growing threat of ransomware attacks. Ransomware is a type of malicious software that prevents users from accessing electronic systems and demands a ransom to restore access. We create and link a database of hospital ransomware attacks to Medicare claims data. We quantify the effects of ransomware attacks on hospital operations and patient outcomes. Ransomware attacks decrease hospital volume by 17-24 percent during the init...
