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作者：Gupta, Sarika
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Governments worldwide administer social programs for vulnerable groups, yet many eligible citizens fail to benefit. This paper studies barriers to take-up of an unconditional cash transfer program for poor women in Delhi, India, where only one-third of eligible individuals were enrolled. In a randomized experiment with eligible women, providing program information alone increased applications only among the literate. Adding basic or intensive application assistance, however, raised average app...
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作者：Pless, Jacquelyn
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper studies whether grants and tax incentives for private R&D are complements or substitutes. I use multiple quasi-experimental research designs to examine firms in the United Kingdom and find that increasing tax credit generosity substantially enhances the effect of grant funding on R&D for small firms, suggesting that the instruments are complements. Financial constraints are likely at play. The effects are strongest for firms that appear constrained, and the combination of policies i...
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作者：Meinhofer, Angelica; Rubli, Adrian; Cunningham, Jamein e
作者单位：Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; National Bureau of Economic Research; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We estimate the direct and spillover effects of cannabis legalization on longstanding racial disparities in criminal justice outcomes. We find that legalization reduces cannabis possession and sales arrests for White and Black populations, narrowing but not eliminating disparities. We also find spillover increases in hospitalizations involving cannabis and other illegal drugs. However, spillovers on arrests, incarcerations, and crimes involving serious violent or property offenses are insignif...
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作者：Cox, Robynn; Cunningham, Jamein P.; Ortega, Alberto; Whaley, Kenneth
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida
摘要：Exploiting the arrangement of railroad tracks in northern cities, we explore the extent to which segregation impacts homicide victimization by race. Our results reveal a robust positive relationship between segregation and non-White homicide victimization. In addition, we find a decrease in public provisions, as highly segregated locations generate fewer revenues and have lower public expenditures. Our findings suggest that White flight and segregation deplete the local tax base, leading to ur...
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作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Engelberg, Joseph; Lu, Runjing; Mullins, William
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Toronto; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We estimate that 3.1 percent of US voters, or 6.1 million individuals, were registered to vote in two states in 2020, opening up the possibility for them to choose where to vote. Double registrants are concentrated in the wealthiest zip codes and respond to both incentives and costs, disproportionately choosing to vote in swing states (higher incentive) and states that automatically send out mail-in ballots (lower cost). We call this behavior Cross-State Strategic Voting. While others have doc...
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作者：Cutler, David; Dafny, Leemore; Grabowski, David C.; Lee, Steven; Ody, Christopher
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Brown University; Northwestern University; Analysis Group Inc.
摘要：We examine whether vertical integration of hospitals and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) could lessen competition by foreclosing rival SNFs'access to lucrative referrals. We find that it could: Among integrated providers, a 1 percent increase in SNF reimbursement for a given patient discharged from the upstream hospital increases the self-referral rate to the hospital's downstream SNF(s) by 1.8 percent. We find no evidence of offsetting benefits for patients and payers: These increased self-...
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作者：Casi, Elisa; Gavrilova, Evelina; Murphy, David; Zoutman, Floris T.
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We study the effect of stricter enforcement of the dividend-withholding tax (DWT). We focus on a 2016 Danish enforcement reform and compare Denmark to its Nordic neighbors. Throughout the Nordic stock markets, shares on loan spike sharply around dividend dates. These spikes are consistent with abuse of the DWT system. Postreform, spikes in Denmark disappear, and annual DWT revenue increases by 130 percent. Enforcement does not harm the investment climate as measured by Danish stock returns, in...
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作者：Gagliarducci, Stefano; Paserman, M. Daniele; Patacchini, Eleonora
作者单位：University of Rome Tor Vergata; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Cornell University
摘要：This paper studies the conditions under which legislators promote policies that may be unpopular in the short term but yield long-term benefits. Using data on the universe of federal disaster declarations from 1989 to 2020, we document that representatives from congressional districts impacted by hurricanes are more inclined to support environmental legislation addressing climate change. However, this response depends on political circumstances: Only those in safe seats can change their politi...
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作者：Wolf, David; Takeuchi, Kenji
作者单位：Kobe University; Kyoto University
摘要：Hurricanes cause significant wind and water damage, yet economic research primarily focuses on the latter due to data limitations. We overcome this problem by analyzing photographs taken after Hurricane Irma ( (2017 ) to locate blue-tarped homes. Using a regression discontinuity framework, we find the 2001 Florida Building Code impacted wind risk for over 500,000 homeowners. Adopters were 22 percent less likely to experience wind damage and saw a 27 percent reduction in damage severity. Unrepa...
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作者：Kahn, Lisa B.; Oldenski, Lindsay; Park, Geunyong
作者单位：University of Rochester; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Georgetown University; National University of Singapore
摘要：Minority workers tend to be disproportionately harmed by negative economic shocks. Indeed, we show that Hispanic populations experienced worse employment losses, relative to Whites, due to import competition from China largely due to lower education levels. In contrast, Black-White employment and wage gaps actually narrowed due to relative growth in nonmanufacturing sectors. We show that Black workers, compared to Whites, were less attached to manufacturing by 2000 and were therefore more pois...
