-
作者：Harrington, Emma; Murdock III, William; Shaffer, Hannah
作者单位：University of Virginia; Harvard University
摘要：Incarceration is often justified by a defendant's risk of future crime. To what extent do biased beliefs about predictors of crime distort incarceration decisions? We survey prosecutors about how violent rearrest rates vary by defendant age and criminal history. Surveyed prosecutors make systematic errors: They underestimate the decline in rearrest with age and overestimate the increase with criminal history. By linking prosecutors' beliefs to their quasi-randomly assigned cases, we show that ...
-
作者：Lichand, Guilherme; Cunha, Nina; Madeira, Ricardo A.; Bettinger, Eric
作者单位：Universidade de Sao Paulo
摘要：Do informational interventions work because they lead subjects to merely update beliefs in the right direction or, to a large extent, because they increase the salience of the decision they target? We randomly assign parents to either an information group that receives text messages with weekly data on their child's attendance and school effort or a salience group that receives messages that try to redirect their attention without child-specific information. While information has large impacts...
-
作者：Lockwood, Ben; Simmler, Martin; Tam, Eddy H. F.
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Oxford; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of London; King's College London
摘要：We study how UK property tax rates impact commercial vacancies and rents, using new data and exploiting exogenous variations in two major property tax reliefs: small business relief and retail relief. We estimate that both reliefs are effective at achieving their objectives. A given monetary relief per property will lead to a bigger reduction in vacancies for eligible properties if given via retail relief, because small business relief is targeted only at small businesses. Small business relie...
-
作者：Aidt, Toke S.; Lacroix, Jean; Meon, Pierre-Guillaume
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Universite Paris Saclay; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：We examine how connections shaped transitional justice during France's post-WWII democratic transition. Parliamentarians who had supported the Vichy regime faced a two-stage purge process involving two courts. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that law graduates-an influential group with ties to one of the courts-had a 10 to 14 percentage point higher acquittal rate. We analyze 17,589 documents in individual defendants' files to explain this difference. According to this anal...
-
作者：Neprash, Hannah; McGlave, Claire; Nikpay, Sayeh
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：As cybercriminals increasingly target health care, hospitals face the growing threat of ransomware attacks. Ransomware is a type of malicious software that prevents users from accessing electronic systems and demands a ransom to restore access. We create and link a database of hospital ransomware attacks to Medicare claims data. We quantify the effects of ransomware attacks on hospital operations and patient outcomes. Ransomware attacks decrease hospital volume by 17-24 percent during the init...
-
作者：Pulejo, Massimo; Querubin, Pablo
作者单位：Roma Tre University; Bocconi University; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：What is the effect of politicians' wages on corruption in the presence of criminal groups that use both bribes and violence? With a regression discontinuity design and three distinct proxies for corruption, we show that better-paid Italian politicians are more likely to promote transparency and competition in procurement but also more likely to incur criminal attacks. The effects of wages, which subside after three years, are driven by changes in incumbents' behavior rather than improved selec...
-
作者：Anders, Jenna; Rafkin, Charlie
作者单位：University of Virginia; University of British Columbia
摘要：We study how eligibility expansions in the US Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) affect take-up among previously eligible households and social welfare. Using an event study with administrative take-up data, we document a woodwork effect: Expanding eligibility raises take-up among previously eligible households. An online experiment and administrative survey provide evidence that information frictions, rather than stigma, drive SNAP's woodwork effect. To interpret our findings, w...
-
作者：Cunningham, Jamein p.; Gillezeau, Rob
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Toronto
摘要：Using an event-study design, we examine whether states' introduction of duty-to-bargain requirements for police unions led to meaningful changes in civilians killed by law enforcement. We find that the introduction of collective bargaining rights significantly increases the number of civilians killed by police, particularly among non-White civilians, while having limited effects on officer safety. Our results indicate that the adoption of bargaining rights for law enforcement can explain 14 pe...
-
作者：Murphy, David M. A.
作者单位：Colgate University
摘要：I evaluate a randomized control trial in rural Kenya in which ication to reduce alcohol abuse. At 16 months post-intervention, the program decreased the likelihood of positive spot breathalyzer tests among men by 14 percentage points (pp), the likelihood of heavy drinking by 19 points, and increased household real annual harvest values by 32 percent. The intervention's success is likely due to a confluence of mechanisms, including expenditure reallocation, improved self-control, and greater in...
-
作者：Ibanez, Ana Maria; Quigua, Juliana; Romero, Maria Jimena; Velasquez, Andrea
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University of London; University College London; Cornell University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We show that exposure to extreme temperatures significantly increases international migration from El Salvador, where nearly a quarter of the population lives in the United States. Extreme temperatures reduce corn yields, leading producers to decrease their use of postharvest inputs and demand for agricultural workers. These income losses, combined with established US migration networks, increase emigration. Our findings highlight how international migration serves as a response to extreme tem...
