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作者：Alsan, Marcella; Neberai, Yousra
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：This article examines how the American Medical Association (AMA) helped shape the development of the U.S. health insurance system in the critical period after World War II. Working with the political public relations firm Campaigns, Inc., the AMA launched a nationwide campaign to weaken support for national health insurance by framing it as socialized medicine, while simultaneously enrolling people in private health insurance plans to shift demand away from a public alternative. Drawing on new...
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作者：Kuziemko, Ilyana; Longuet-Marx, Nicolas; Naidu, Suresh
作者单位：Princeton University; Stanford University; Columbia University
摘要：We argue that the Democratic Party's evolution on economic policy helps explain partisan realignment by education. First, we document that educated Americans differentially oppose predistribution (e.g., job guarantees, higher minimum wages, protectionism, and stronger unions), while the educational gradient for redistribution (taxes and transfers) is close to zero. These relationships have been largely unchanged since the 1940s. Second, focusing on politicians and donors as key party actors, w...
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作者：Juhasz, Reka; Sakabe, Shogo; Weinstein, David E.
作者单位：University of British Columbia; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：This article examines the global adoption of technology in the late nineteenth century. We construct several novel data sets to test the idea that the codification of technical knowledge in the vernacular was necessary for countries to absorb the technologies of the first Industrial Revolution. We find that comparative advantage shifted to industries that could benefit from these technologies in countries and colonies with access to codified technical knowledge, but not in other regions. Using...
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作者：Nimier-David, Elio; Sraer, David; Thesmar, David
作者单位：Cornell University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Since 1967, all French firms with more than 100 employees have been required to share a fraction of their excess profits with their employees. Through this scheme, firms with excess profits distribute, on average, 10.5% of their pretax income to workers. In 1990, the eligibility threshold was reduced to 50 employees. We exploit this regulatory change to identify the effects of mandated profit-sharing on firms and their employees. The cost of mandated profit-sharing for firms is evident in the ...
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作者：Cirera, Xavier; Comin, Diego; Cruz, Marcio
作者单位：The World Bank; The World Bank
摘要：We study technology sophistication using a novel approach that measures the sophistication of the most advanced (MAX) and the most widely used (MOST) technologies in key business functions within establishments. Using data from over 21,000 establishments across 15 countries, we find that establishments generally underutilize the most sophisticated technologies available in a business function. These MAX-MOST gaps are persistent and strongly associated with productivity both across establishmen...
