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作者：Liebert, Helge; Mader, Beatrice
作者单位：Swiss National Bank (SNB); University of Zurich; University of St Gallen
摘要：This paper investigates the returns to health care provision during the mortality transition. We construct a new panel data set covering German municipalities from 1928 to 1936. The endogeneity of health care supply is addressed by using the expulsion of Jewish physicians from statutory health insurance as exogenous variation in regional physician supply. Increases in the supply of physicians reduce infant mortality and mortality from common childhood diseases. Using a semiparametric control f...
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作者：Caliendo, Marco; Kunn, Steffen; Mahlstedt, Robert
作者单位：University of Potsdam; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Maastricht University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Copenhagen
摘要：We investigate the causal effects of financial incentives supporting geographical mobility among unemployed workers on their job search behavior and labor market outcomes. Exploiting regional variation in the promotion of mobility programs along administrative borders of German employment agency districts, we show that promoting mobility-as intended-causes job seekers to increase their search radius, apply for, and accept distant jobs. At the same time, local job search is reduced with adverse...
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作者：Madeira, Carlos; Madeira, Joao; Monteiro, Paulo Santos
作者单位：Central Bank of Chile; Instituto Universitario de Lisboa; Instituto Universitario de Lisboa; University of York - UK
摘要：We investigate how dissent in the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is affected by structural macroeconomic shocks obtained using a medium-scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. We find that dissent is less (more) frequent when demand (supply) shocks are the predominant source of inflation fluctuations. In addition, supply shocks are found to raise private sector forecasting uncertainty about the path of interest rates. Since supply shocks impose a tradeoff between inflation an...
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作者：Bhattacharya, Debopam; Komarova, Tatiana
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Manchester
摘要：We introduce a notion of money-metric social welfare for discrete choice under unrestricted heterogeneity and income effects. It is the maximized indirect utility under normalization of the outside option. It also equals the amount of income necessary to achieve a given level of utility, while certain choices are prohibited. We show that the distribution of this quantity is nonparametrically identified as a closed-form functional of average structural demand for the outside option, making it u...
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作者：Bryan, Kevin A.; Guzman, Jorge
作者单位：University of Toronto; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We track the movement of high-potential startups using cross-state business registrations and estimate the utility of cities to moving startups using a revealed preference approach. 6.6% of these startups move across state borders during their first five years. Startup hubs like Silicon Valley and Boston tend to lose startups to other cities. Our findings show that startups prefer traditional hubs when they move soon after being founded, but later prefer cities with lower taxes. This pattern i...
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作者：Solomon, Adam
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper studies imperfectly perceived private information in insurance markets when contracts endogenously respond. Equilibrium contracts, pooling, and welfare depend on the joint distribution of risk and misperception. In the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), I show that misperceptions typically covary with (medical, long-term care, disability, and mortality) risk type: high types underperceive their risk and low types overperceive. I develop a general model and algorithm to estimate the ...
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作者：Frye, Dustin
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：This paper examines the effect of expanding transportation networks on spatial industrial growth across the United States from 1953 to 2016. I use a new methodological approach that applies network theory combined with a historic military map to address the two forms of endogeneity present in expanding transportation networks: route placement and construction timing. I find that Interstate counties experienced significant growth in employment and the number of establishments relative to non-In...
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作者：Nicholas, Tom
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper estimates the returns to human capital accumulation during the first era of mega-firms in the United States by linking employees at General Electric-a canonical enterprise associated with the visible hand of managerial hierarchies-to the 1940 census. I find large returns to higher education through seniority in the hierarchy, span of control, earnings, and selection into management training, using the proximity of land-grant colleges and historical universities to birth states for i...
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作者：Anderson, Michael L.; Davis, Lucas W.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Previous studies of the effect of ridesharing on traffic fatalities have yielded inconsistent conclusions. We revisit this question using proprietary data from Uber measuring monthly rideshare activity at the Census tract level. We find a consistent negative effect of ridesharing on traffic fatalities, with impacts concentrated during nights and weekends. Our results imply that ridesharing has decreased U.S. traffic fatalities by 5.2% in areas where it operates. The annual life-saving benefits...
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作者：Bonadio, Barthelemy
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi
摘要：Migrants shape market access: They reduce international trade frictions and they affect the geographical location of demand. This article incorporates both effects in a model of inter- and intranational trade and migration calibrated to U.S. states. It estimates the elasticity of exports and imports to migrants and shows that reducing U.S. migrant population shares to 1980s levels would increase import (export) trade costs by 7% (2.5%) and decrease U.S. natives' real wages by more than 2%. Sta...
