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作者：Cassidy, Traviss; Velayudhan, Tejaswi
作者单位：University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We estimate the impact of local government fragmentation on economic activity in Indonesia from 2000 to 2014, when the number of districts increased by 50%. Exploiting idiosyncratic variation in the timing of district splits, we find that fragmentation reduces district GDP in the short term despite large increases in central transfers. The GDP decline is larger in child districts that acquire a new capital and government. Furthermore, splitting districts focus spending on administration withou...
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作者：Chandra, Amitabh; Kao, Jennifer; Miller, Kathleen L.; Stern, Ariel D.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Harvard University
摘要：Regulators of new products confront a trade-off between speeding a product to market and collecting additional product quality information. The FDA's Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD) provides an opportunity to understand if regulators can use new policy to innovate around this trade-off. We find that the BTD program shortened clinical development times by 23% and did not affect the ex post safety profile of drugs with the designation. The BTD program had the greatest impact on less exper...
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作者：Kessler, Judd B.; Low, Corinne; Shan, Xiaoyue
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National University of Singapore
摘要：We document a new way that discrimination operates: through sequential spillover effects. Employers in an incentivized resume rating experiment evaluate a sequence of hypothetical candidates with randomly assigned characteristics. Candidates are rated worse when following white men than when following women or minorities. Exploring the mechanisms, we find that spillover effects are inversely related to direct bias. When reviewing high-quality resumes or recruiting in STEM (science, technology,...
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作者：Freilich, Janet; Kim, Soomi
作者单位：Boston University; Columbia University
摘要：We investigate whether participants in the patent system are sensitive to information quality by examining how they treat inaccurate information. We use a novel approach to identify patents with inaccurate information: patent-paper pairs where the paper has been retracted and the corresponding patent contains the retracted material. Despite containing inaccurate information, we find that these patents are prosecuted and maintained by many applicants, are not rejected by examiners, and continue...
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作者：Linn, Joshua; Liang, Jing; Qiu, Yueming (Lucy)
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Princeton University
摘要：After growing steadily for decades, average U.S. household energy consumption began declining in the mid-2000s. Using household-level data from the Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Current Population Survey between 1990 and 2020, we decompose overall changes in per household consumption into three components: average income, cross-household income distribution, and consumption habits, which include energy efficiency. Growth of average income caused consumption to increase by 11%, and ...
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作者：Bhalotra, Sonia; Brito, Emilia; Clarke, Damian; Larroulet, Pilar; Pino, Francisco
作者单位：University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Brown University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：We identify dynamic impacts on domestic violence (DV) of the staggered imposition and lifting of lockdown across Chile's 346 municipalities. Lockdown increases DV helpline calls and shelter occupancy without increasing DV police reports. These results are consistent with lock-down raising incidence and creating barriers to reporting. Once lockdown is lifted, shelter occupancy falls and police reports surge, but helpline calls remain elevated in line with state dependence in DV. We identify mal...
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作者：Peri, Alessandro; Rachedi, Omar; Varotto, Iacopo
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Universitat Ramon Llull; Banco de Espana
摘要：Aggregate and sectoral effects of public investment crucially depend on the interaction between the output elasticity to public capital and intermediate inputs. We uncover this fact through the lens of a New Keynesian production network. This setting doubles the socially optimal amount of public capital relative to the one-sector model without intermediate inputs, leading to a substantial amplification of the public-investment multiplier. We also document novel sectoral implications of public ...
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作者：Aydogan, Ilke; Berger, Loic; Bosetti, Valentina
作者单位：IESEG School of Management; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Lille; CNRS - Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences (INSHS); Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC); Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC); Bocconi University
摘要：We report the results of two experiments designed to better understand the mechanisms driving decision making under ambiguity. We elicit individual preferences over different sources of uncertainty, entailing different degrees of complexity, from subjects with different sophistication levels. We show that (1) ambiguity aversion is robust to sophistication, but the strong relationship previously reported between attitudes toward ambiguity and compound risk is not and (2) Ellsberg ambiguity atti...
