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作者：THALL, PF; SIMON, R; ELLENBERG, SS
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI)
摘要：A two-stage design which selects the best of several experimental treatments and compares it to a standard control is proposed. The design allows early termination with acceptance of the global null hypothesis. Optimal sample size and cut-off parameters are obtained by minimizing expected total sample size for fixed significance level and power.
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作者：VENZON, DJ; MOOLGAVKAR, SH
摘要：Several parametric families of relative risk functions have been proposed as models for matched case-control and survival data. Some advantages accrue to those in which relative risks are invariant under arbitrary translations of the origin of the covariate space, such as in the reassignment of values to dichotomous factors. It is shown in this paper that the family proposed by Guerrero and Johnson, which includes the commonly-used exponential and linear relative risk functions, has the simple...
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作者：HOMMEL, G
摘要：Simes (1986) has proposed a modified Bonferroni procedure for the test of an overall hypothesis which is the combination of n individual hypotheses. In contrast to the classical Bonferroni procedure, it is not obvious how statements about individual hypotheses are to be made for this procedure. In the present paper a multiple test procedure allowing statements on individual hypotheses is proposed. It is based on the principle of closed test procedures (Marcus, Peritz and Gabriel, 1976) and con...
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作者：OWEN, AB
摘要：The empirical distribution function based on a sample is well known to be the maximum likelihood estimate of the distribution from which the sample was taken. In this paper the likelihood function for distributions is used to define a likelihood ratio function for distributions. It is shown that this empirical likelihood ratio function can be used to construct confidence intervals for the sample mean, for a class of M-estimates that includes quantiles, and for differentiable statistical functi...
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作者：BROWNE, MW
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作者：CURNOW, RN
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：The selection of the best variety of a crop to grow in a particular region can be based solely on the yields of the varieties in trials within that region or on the yields of the varieties averaged over trials within the region and trials in a number of similar regions. For a wide range of values of the parameters, the better of these two methods is shown to be almost as effective as selection based on an index combining, in a optimal way, the information from the particular region and from th...
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作者：SCHOTT, JR
摘要：One important practical application of principal component analysis is to reduce a large number of variables, say p, to a smaller number, m, by making use of the first m principal components. This technique can easily be extended to two or more groups if the subspaces spanned by the first m principal components are the same for all groups. In this paper we develop an approximate procedure for testing such a hypothesis of common subspaces when two groups are involved. The adequacy of the approx...
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作者：GEARY, DN
摘要：In some clinical trials, the number of subjects on each treatment is fixed and at successive equally-spaced time points each subject yields a measurement which reflects response to treatment. A model is presented for such repeated measurements data. A sequential procedure is proposed for testing the null hypothesis of no difference in mean effect between two treatments. In this procedure, the maximum number of measurements per subject and absorption probabilities for intermediate significance ...
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作者：LEIGH, GM
摘要：Tagging experiments in which recaptures have to be made by professional fishermen are considered. The methods put forward are shown to be maximum likelihood solutions, and expressions are derived for the variances of the estimators. Optimal conditions for the experiment are found, and cases of questionable behaviour are identified.
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作者：YEH, L
摘要：In this paper, we develop a model of sampling plans for variables with a polynomial loss function, in which the decision function is either one-sided or two-sided. Based on a Bayesian approach, we suggest a simple finite algorithm for the determination of the optimal single sampling plan. Furthermore, for the case of a symmetric two-sided decision function, we propose an approximate method for determining its optimal single sampling plan.
