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作者：Rubinstein, Max; Haviland, Amelia; Choi, David
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：We predict the average effect of Medicaid expansion on the nonelderly adult uninsurance rate among states that did not expand Medicaid in 2014, as if they had expanded their Medicaid eligibility requirements. Using Ameri-can Community Survey data aggregated to the region level, we estimate this effect by reweighting the expansion regions to approximately match the co-variate distribution of the nonexpansion regions. Existing methods to estimate balancing weights often assume that the covariate...
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作者：Peterson, Adam T.; Berrocal, Veronica J.; Sanchez-Vaznaugh, Emma V.; Sanchez, Brisa N.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Irvine; California State University System; San Francisco State University; Drexel University
摘要：Built environment features (BEFs) refer to aspects of the human con-structed environment which may, in turn, support or restrict health related behaviors and thus impact health. In this paper we are interested in under-standing whether the spatial distribution and quantity of fast-food restaurants (FFRs) influence the risk of obesity in schoolchildren. To achieve this goal, we propose a two-stage Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework. In the first stage, examining the position of FFRs relat...
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作者：Won, Jung Yeon; Elliott, Michael R.; Sanchez-Vaznaugh, Emma V.; Sanchez, Brisa N.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; California State University System; San Francisco State University; Drexel University
摘要：Studies examining the contribution of the built environment to health often rely on commercial data sources to derive exposure measures, such as the number of specific food outlets in study participants' neighborhoods. Data on the location of community amenities (e.g., food outlets) can be col-lected from multiple sources. However, these commercial listings are known to have ascertainment errors and thus provide conflicting claims about the number and location of amenities. We propose a method...
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作者：Wang, Bingkai; Dufault, Suzanne M.; Small, Dylan S.; Jewell, Nicholas P.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
摘要：In 2019, the World Health Organization identified dengue as one of the top 10 global health threats. For the control of dengue, the Applying Wolbachia to Eliminate Dengue (AWED) study group conducted a cluster -randomized trial in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and used a novel design, called the cluster-randomized test-negative design (CR-TND). This design can yield valid statistical inference with data collected by a passive surveillance system and thus has the advantage of cost-efficiency compared ...
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作者：Huber, Florian; Krisztin, Tamas; Pfarrhofer, Michael
作者单位：Salzburg University; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); University of Vienna
摘要：In this paper we assess the impact of climate shocks on futures markets for agricultural commodities and a set of macroeconomic quantities for multiple high-income economies. To capture relations among countries, markets, and climate shocks, this paper proposes parsimonious methods to estimate high-dimensional panel vector autoregressions. We assume that coefficients associated with domestic lagged endogenous variables arise from a Gaussian mixture model while further parsimony is achieved usi...
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作者：Tiberi, Simone; Crowell, Helena L.; Samartsidis, Pantelis; Weber, Lukas M.; Robinson, Mark D.
作者单位：University of Bologna; University of Zurich; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; University of Zurich; University of Cambridge; MRC Biostatistics Unit; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
摘要：We present distinct, a general method for differential analysis of full distributions that is well suited to applications on single-cell data, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and high-dimensional flow or mass cytometry data. High-throughput single-cell data reveal an unprecedented view of cell identity and allow complex variations between conditions to be discovered; nonetheless, most methods for differential expression target differences in the mean and struggle to identify changes where t...
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作者：Wang, Wanjie; Chen, Eric; Li, Hongzhe
作者单位：National University of Singapore; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：High-throughput sequencing technology allows us to test the composi-tional difference of bacteria in different populations. One important feature of human microbiome data is that it often includes a large number of ze-ros. Such data can be treated as being generated from a two-part model that includes a zero-point mass. Motivated by analysis of such nonnegative data with excessive zeros, we introduce several truncated rank-based two-group and multigroup tests, including a truncated rank-based ...
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作者：Park, Beomjo; Kuusela, Mikael; Giglio, Donata; Gray, Alison
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：The world ocean plays a key role in redistributing heat in the climate system and hence in regulating Earth's climate. Yet statistical analysis of ocean heat transport suffers from partially incomplete large-scale data intertwined with complex spatiotemporal dynamics as well as from potential model misspecification. We present a comprehensive spatiotemporal statistical framework tailored to interpolating the global ocean heat transport using in situ Argo profiling float measurements. We formal...
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作者：Crawford, Amy m.; Ommen, Danica m.; Carriquiry, Alicia l.
作者单位：Berry Consultants, LLC; Iowa State University
摘要：Forensic handwriting examiners are often tasked with identifying the writer of a particular document. Examples of handwriting evidence include ransom notes, forged documents and signatures, and threatening letters. At present, examiners rely on visual inspection of similarities and differences between the questioned document and reference writing samples. Here, we propose a principled modeling approach to compute the posterior predictive probability of writership when the author of the questio...
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作者：Keele, Luke J.; Ben-Michael, Eli; Feller, Avi; Kelz, Rachel; Miratrix, Luke
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Harvard University; Harvard University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Harvard University
摘要：Comparing outcomes across hospitals, often to identify underperform-ing hospitals, is a critical task in health services research. However, naive comparisons of average outcomes, such as surgery complication rates, can be misleading because hospital case mixes differ-a hospital's overall com-plication rate may be lower simply because the hospital serves a healthier population overall. In this paper we develop a method of direct standardiza-tion where we reweight each hospital patient populatio...
