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作者：Zhang, Lin; Strug, Lisa J.; Sun, Lei
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Toronto; University of Toronto
摘要：Modern genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remove single nu-cleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (HWD), despite limited rigor for this practice. In a case-control GWAS, al-though HWD in the control sample is an evidence for genotyping error, a truly associated SNP may be in HWD in the case and/or control populations. We, therefore, develop a new case-control association test that: (i) leverages HWD attributed to true association to increase power, (ii) is ...
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作者：Yu, Tingting; Wu, Lang; Qiu, Jin; Gilbert, Peter B.
作者单位：Harvard Pilgrim Health Care; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; University of British Columbia; Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：In jointly modelling longitudinal and survival data, the longitudinal data may be complex in the sense that they may contain outliers and may be left censored. Motivated from an HIV vaccine study, we propose a robust method for joint models of longitudinal and survival data, where the outliers in longi-tudinal data are addressed using a multivariate t-distribution for b-outliers and using an M-estimator for e-outliers. We also propose a computationally effi-cient method for approximate likelih...
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作者：Sun, Yifei; Chiou, Sy Han; Wu, Colin O.; McGarry, Meghan E.; Huang, Chiung-Yu
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI); University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
摘要：With the availability of massive amounts of data from electronic health records and registry databases, incorporating time-varying patient information to improve risk prediction has attracted great attention. To exploit the growing amount of predictor information over time, we develop a unified framework for landmark prediction, using survival tree ensembles, where an updated prediction can be performed when new information becomes available. Compared to conventional landmark prediction with f...
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作者：Ben-Michael, Eli; Arbour, David; Feller, Avi; Franks, Alexander; Raphael, Steven
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; Adobe Systems Inc.; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Gun violence is a critical public safety concern in the United States. In 2006, California implemented a unique firearm monitoring program, the Armed and Prohibited Persons System (APPS), to address gun violence in the state. The APPS program first identifies those firearm owners who be-come prohibited from owning one, due to federal or state law, then confiscates their firearms. Our goal is to assess the effect of APPS on California murder rates using annual, state-level crime data across the...
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作者：Hoffmann, Clara; Klein, Nadja
作者单位：Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：End-to-end learners for autonomous driving are deep neural networks that predict the instantaneous steering angle directly from images of the street ahead. These learners must provide reliable uncertainty estimates for their predictions in order to meet safety requirements and to initiate a switch to manual control in areas of high uncertainty. However, end-to-end learners typically only deliver point predictions, since distributional predictions are associated with large increases in training...
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作者：Dupuis, Debbie J.; Trapin, Luca
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; University of Bologna
摘要：Understanding and modeling the determinants of extreme hourly rainfall intensity is of utmost importance for the management of flash-flood risk. In-creasing evidence shows that mesoscale convective systems (MCS) are the principal driver of extreme rainfall intensity in the United States. We use ex-treme value statistics to investigate the relationship between MCS activity and extreme hourly rainfall intensity in Greater St. Louis, an area particularly vul-nerable to flash floods. Using a block...
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作者：Jung, Alexander Wolfgang; Gerstung, Moritz
作者单位：European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL); European Bioinformatics Institute; Helmholtz Association; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
摘要：The Cox model is an indispensable tool for time-to-event analysis, particularly in biomedical research. However, medicine is undergoing a profound transformation, generating data at an unprecedented scale, which opens new frontiers to study and understand diseases. With the wealth of data collected, new challenges for statistical inference arise, as datasets are often high dimensional, exhibit an increasing number of measurements at irregularly spaced time points, and are simply too large to f...
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作者：Huang, Yen-tsung; Yu, Jih-chang; Lin, Ui-hsiang
作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan
摘要：The identification of surrogate markers for gold standard outcomes in clinical trials enables future cost-effective trials that target the identified markers. Due to resource limitations, these surrogate markers may be collected only for cases and for a subset of the trial cohort, giving rise to what is termed the case-cohort design. Motivated by a COVID-19 vaccine trial, we propose methods of assessing the surrogate markers for a time-to-event outcome in a case-cohort design by using mediatio...
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作者：Klausch, Thomas; Akwiwu, Eddymurphy U.; van de Wiel, Mark A.; Coupe, Veerle M. H.; Berkhof, Johannes
作者单位：University of Amsterdam
摘要：Women infected by the human papillomavirus are at an increased risk to develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions (CIN). CIN are classified into three grades of increasing severity (CIN-1, CIN-2, and CIN-3) and can eventually develop into cervical cancer. The main purpose of screening is detecting CIN-2 and CIN-3 cases which are usually removed surgically. Screening data from the POBASCAM trial involving 1454 HPV-positive women are analyzed with two objectives, estimate: (a) the transi...
