-
作者：[Anonymous]
-
作者：Cancian, Maria
-
作者：Parolin, Zachary
作者单位：Bocconi University
摘要：The federal expansion of the Child Tax Credit (CTC) in 2021 contributed to a record low child poverty rate for the United States; however, the expansion expired after 1 year and Congress is unlikely to reinstate the expansion in the near future. State governments are increasingly interested in implementing their own fully-refundable CTCs, yet face strict budgetary constraints relative to the federal government. This policy report proposes a state-level, fully-refundable CTC that is affordable,...
-
作者：Kim, Jae Yeon; Herd, Pamela; Jilke, Sebastian; Moynihan, Donald; Rodden, Kerry
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Georgetown University
摘要：In this study we describe the potential of human-centered design principles to identify burdens, reducing the effects of administrative checkpoints. Administrative checkpoints-mandatory requirements that must be satisfied in order to progress in an administrative process-have disproportionate negative effects in excluding the public from receiving public services. Mandatory interviews are one such checkpoint. Based on consultation with safety net clients and caseworkers, we designed a field ex...
-
作者：Smetters, Kent
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
-
作者：Jordan, Andrew; Kim, Taeho
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); University of Toronto
摘要：We study how civilian complaint investigators affect officer behavior in Chicago. We exploit quasi-random assignment of complaints to supervising investigators and use variation in whether supervisors tend to acquire sworn affidavits that substantiate the complaints. When the assigned investigator opens more investigations through obtaining affidavits, accused officers accumulate fewer complaints in the first three months of the investigation. We find that, prior to a scandal, assignment to hi...
-
作者：Ferrazares, Toshio; Sabia, Joseph J.; Anderson, D. Mark
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Hunter College (CUNY); California State University System; San Diego State University; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman
摘要：Gun buyback programs (GBPs), which use public funds to purchase civilians' privately-owned firearms, aim to reduce gun violence. However, next to nothing is known about their effects on firearm-related crime or deaths. Using data from the National Incident Based Reporting System, we find no evidence that GBPs reduce gun crime. Given our estimated null findings, with 95% confidence, we can rule out decreases in firearm-related crime of greater than 1.2% during the year following a buyback. Usin...
-
作者：[Anonymous]
-
作者：Gilbert, Joshua B.; Himmelsbach, Zachary; Soland, James; Joshi, Mridul; Domingue, Benjamin W.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; University of Virginia
摘要：Analyses of heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) are common in applied causal inference research. However, when outcomes are latent variables assessed via psychometric instruments such as educational tests, standard methods ignore the potential HTE that may exist among the individual items of the outcome measure. Failing to account for item-level HTE (IL-HTE) can lead to both underestimated standard errors and identification challenges in the estimation of treatment-by-covariate interaction e...
-
作者：Sheiner, Louise
作者单位：Brookings Institution
