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作者：Saez, Lawrence
作者单位：University of London; University of London School Oriental & African Studies (SOAS)
摘要：What political variables explain variations in subnational fiscal expenditures on interest payments on the debt? The author argues that the political budget cycle and center-right political party ideologyrather than the effective number of parties, alternation of power, ideological proximity between the central government and constituent units, or most forms of political party ideologycan help explain the level of expenditures on interest payment of subnational debt in India. The core empirica...
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作者：Richards, David; Smith, Martin J.
作者单位：University of Manchester; University of York - UK
摘要：This article argues that the principle of indivisibility in the relationship between political and administrative elites acted as a central convention of the Westminster system for much of the twentieth century. It explores how in more recent decades this principle has been challenged by the shift to a principal-agent approach. It considers the extent to which this shift diminishes the traditional Westminster model's understanding of the minister-civil servant relationship as one based on a sy...
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作者：Murtazashvili, Jennifer Brick
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
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作者：Coll, Alberto R.
作者单位：DePaul University
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作者：Benstead, Lindsay J.
作者单位：Portland State University
摘要：Using data from a survey of 200 Moroccan and Algerian parliamentarians, this article assesses the relationship between parliamentarian gender, quotas, and constituency service provision to females. The findings suggest that while electing women increases service provision to females, quotas are needed to create mandates in clientelistic, patriarchal settings, where serving women is a less effective electoral strategy than serving men. Deputies elected through quotas are more responsive to wome...
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作者：Allen, Richard
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
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作者：Grube, Dennis C.; Howard, Cosmo
作者单位：University of Tasmania; Griffith University
摘要：Is Westminster dying as a useful conceptual encapsulation of a particular system of public administration? Scholarly critiques over the last decade have suggested Westminster civil services are evolving in ways that erode crucial Westminster traditions. Core elements including security of tenure, merit-based selection, non-partisanship, anonymity, and ministerial responsibility are all perceived as in decline or under attack. Influential commentators have proposed concepts such as new politica...
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作者：Foa, Roberto Stefan; Nemirovskaya, Anna
作者单位：Harvard University; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics)
摘要：While there is a growing literature on state formation and the rise of state capacity over time, this literature typically deals with differences between countries, neglecting the fact that state formation also occurs differentially within a country over time. This article examines legacies of state formation spatially, by looking at variation within frontier statescountries that in recent centuries have extended rule over new territories adjacent to their core regions. Frontier zones are foun...
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作者：Rabe, Barry G.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：The surge of American states' adoption of policies to mitigate climate change in the late 1990s and 2000s appeared to constitute a first wave of expanding use of market-based policy tools such as carbon cap-and-trade in the absence of binding federal constraints. Instead, a substantial number of states have rescinded earlier policy commitments, as have Canadian provincial partners, while others have remained engaged or even expanded their policies. This article examines the durability of the t...
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作者：Hacker, Jacob S.
作者单位：Yale University
