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作者：Reardon, Louise
作者单位：University of Birmingham
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作者：Zhang, Yuxi
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Previous research has attributed the delayed welfare development in China to the government's traditional obsession with GDP growth target as the principal criteria for cadre promotion. Yet why has health-care provision significantly expanded since the 2000s? This article argues that as central policies adjusted to incorporate health care as a priority, the cadre assessment system subsequently made it a hard target, and thus the competition for office has compelled local cadres to implement he...
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作者：Stec, Izabella Barati
作者单位：ESSCA School of Management
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作者：Hanegraaff, Marcel; Vergauwen, Jorik; Beyers, Jan
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; University of Antwerp
摘要：The past decades have been characterized by a growing number of nonstate actors (NSAs) involved in global governance. However, despite this growth, only a small number of NSAs have been able to maintain a prolonged global presence over a substantial period of time. To explain why some NSAs are more active, we rely on resource dependence theory. We demonstrate that sustained advocacy over time can be explained by a density dependence mechanism, namely the more NSAs mobilize, the lower the chanc...
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作者：Krause, George A.; Jin, Roger Qiyuan
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; California State University System; California State University Dominguez Hills
摘要：The landmark U.S. Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 (BAA) instituted a series of administrative reforms that proponents claimed would improve budgetary control, stability, and coherence. We maintain that the compatibility of governance structures between agency and system levels is critical for understanding why these administrative centralization efforts were successful in achieving these aims for some federal agencies but not others. The BAA reforms impact on budgetary outcomes is evaluated ...
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作者：Hassan, Mai; O'Mealia, Thomas
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This article examines the subnational determinants of descriptive representation. Agency managers may be hesitant to hire women uniformly across all localities if they perceive geographic variation in role congruence, or the degree to which a position's duties match gender roles. We expect managerial perceptions to affect hiring patterns even after the adoption of a gender quota intended to improve descriptive representation, as managers will differentially hire women to meet the quota in loca...
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作者：Huang, Xian; Kim, Sung Eun
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Korea University
摘要：Authoritarian local leaders face two driving forces in social policymaking: top-down pressure from the regime and bottom-up motivations derived from local conditions. Existing studies recognize the importance of both forces, but remain unclear as to how they interact and which of them is more influential in driving local policy adoption. Focusing on two health insurance integration policies in China, we find that when the policy entails substantial class or distributive conflicts and bureaucra...
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作者：Flom, Hernan
摘要：This article argues that political competition determines how and when elected politicians can reduce police autonomy. While bureaucratic autonomy is generally lauded in developed democracies, it can result in serious malfeasance in contexts of institutional weakness. Political incumbents may reduce police autonomy through different means and for various purposes. While some politicians seek to professionalize police forces and align them with the rule of law, others aspire to politicize polic...
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作者：Cross, James P.; Greene, Derek
作者单位：University College Dublin
摘要：This article unveils the policy agenda of the European Central Bank (ECB) Governing Council as found in the speeches that Governing Council Members gave between 1999 and 2018. Using a dynamic topic-modeling approached based on non-negative matrix factorization, we demonstrate how the issues discussed by ECB Governing Council members have evolved over time, and how the general punctuation hypothesis (Jones, B. D. & Baumgartner, F. R. (2005). The politics of attention: How government prioritizes...
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作者：Angulo Amaya, Maria Camila; Bertelli, Anthony Michael; Woodhouse, Eleanor Florence
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Bocconi University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; European University Institute
摘要：Infrastructure public-private partnerships (PPPs) eschew traditional public management to provide distributive goods worldwide. Yet, in Colombia, the context of our study, both the promise of and voters' experience with PPPs hinder incumbent parties in elections when theories of distributive politics expect otherwise. We argue that negative experiences with PPPs introduce a sociotropic turn in individual voting: bad experience crowds out the possibility that promising a new project will improv...
