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作者：Bleichrodt, Han; Abellan-Perpinan, Jose Maria; Pinto-Prades, Jose Luis; Mendez-Martinez, Ildefonso
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; University of Murcia; Universidad Pablo de Olavide
摘要：This paper explores inconsistencies that occur in utility measurement under risk when expected utility theory is assumed and the contribution that prospect theory and some other generalizations of expected utility can make to the resolution of these inconsistencies. We used five methods to measure utilities under risk and found clear violations of expected utility. Of the theories studied, prospect theory was the most consistent with our data. The main improvement of prospect theory over expec...
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作者：Luque, Mariano; Caballero, Rafael; Molina, Julian; Ruiz, Francisco
作者单位：Universidad de Malaga
摘要：Despite the mathematical properties and algorithmic features of an interactive method, that method's success usually lies in the kind of information it requires from the decision maker. In some cases, this information constrains the decision maker. If she does not find it easy and comfortable to answer the questions posed by the algorithm, then she will very likely give inconsistent answers, and the method will fail to find her most preferred solution. Therefore, it is of interest to find rela...
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作者：Srinivasan, Raji; Haunschild, Pamela; Grewal, Rajdeep
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Technological developments combine previously distinct technologies that result in converging markets. In converging markets, firms from different industries compete against each other, often for the first time. We propose that firms introducing new products in converging markets will learn vicariously from other firms in the market. Further, we propose that this learning will vary across the dual-technology frontier (DTF), where the high-technology frontier (HTF) and low-technology frontier (...
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作者：Xu, Susan H.; Li, Zhaofin
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; City University of Hong Kong
摘要：We consider a multicomponent, single-product assemble-to-order (ATO) system that faces frequent, component-based technology innovations. For each component, there are two technologies with overlapping life cycles coexisting in the market. All cost parameters associated with each technology (procurement cost, salvage value, etc.) evolve dynamically. We investigate two technology-inventory coordination schemes, one is at the strategic level, where technology and inventory decisions are sequentia...
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作者：Lenox, Michael J.; Rockart, Scott F.; Lewin, Arie Y.
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：A systematic understanding of industry dynamics is critical to strategy research because individual firm performance dynamics both reflect and affect change at the industry level. Descriptive research on industry dynamics has identified a dominant pattern where prices fall, output rises, and the number of firms rises and then falls over time. Several models have been advanced to explain these patterns, with a particular focus on explaining why a shakeout in the number of firms occurs. In the m...
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作者：Mannor, Shie; Simester, Duncan; Sun, Peng; Tsitsiklis, John N.
作者单位：McGill University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Duke University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We consider a finite-state, finite-action, infinite-horizon, discounted reward Markov decision process and study the bias and variance in the value function estimates that result from empirical estimates of the model parameters. We provide closed-form approximations for the bias and variance, which can then be used to derive confidence intervals around the value function estimates. We illustrate and validate our findings using a large database describing the transaction and mailing histories f...
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作者：Dewan, Sanjeev; Shi, Charles; Gurbaxani, Vijay
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：This paper develops empirical proxy measures of information technology (IT) risk and incorporates them into the usual empirical models for analyzing IT returns: production function and market value specifications. The results suggest that IT capital investments make a substantially larger contribution to overall firm risk than non-IT capital investments. Further, firms with higher IT risk have a higher marginal product of IT relative to firms with low IT risk. In the market value specification...
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作者：Perakis, Georgia; Roels, Guillaume
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：In this paper, we quantify the efficiency of decentralized supply chains that use price-only contracts. With Ia price-only contract, a buyer and a seller agree only on a constant transaction price, without specifying the amount that will be transferred. It is well known that these contracts do not provide incentives to the parties to coordinate their inventory/capacity decisions. We measure efficiency with the price of anarchy (PoA), defined as the largest ratio of profits between the integrat...
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作者：Hanaki, Nobuyuki; Peterhansl, Alexander; Dodds, Peter S.; Watts, Duncan J.
作者单位：University of Tsukuba; Columbia University; University of Vermont; Columbia University; Columbia University
摘要：We study the problem of cooperative behavior emerging in an environment where individual behaviors and interaction structures coevolve. Players not only learn which strategy to adopt by imitating the strategy of the best-performing player they observe, but also choose with whom they should interact by selectively creating and/or severing ties with other players based on a myopic cost-benefit comparison. We find that scalable cooperation-that is, high levels of cooperation in large populations-...
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作者：Hellmann, Thomas
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：This paper examines an economic theory of when employees become entrepreneurs. It jointly addresses the two fundamental questions of when employees generate innovations, and whether these innovations are developed as internal ventures or outside the firm. The model shows that if generating innovations distracts employees from their assigned tasks, firms may discourage innovation. Firms may reject profitable opportunities that fall outside of their core activities. If employees own the intellec...
