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作者：Romeijn, H. Edwin; Zenios, Stefanos A.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Stanford University
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作者：Keeney, Ralph L.
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：This paper analyzes the relationships between personal decisions and premature deaths in the United States. The analysis indicates that over one million of the 2.4 million deaths in 2000 can be attributed to personal decisions and could have been avoided if readily available alternative choices were made. Separate analyses indicate 46% of deaths due to heart disease and 66% of cancer deaths are attributable to personal decisions, about 55% of all deaths for ages 15-64 are attributable to perso...
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作者：Hall, Shane N.; Jacobson, Sheldon H.; Sewell, Edward C.
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; US Air Force Research Laboratory; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Southern Illinois University System; Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
摘要：Vaccination against infectious disease is hailed as one of the great achievements in public health. However, the United States Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule is becoming increasingly complex as it is expanded to cover additional diseases. Moreover, biotechnology advances have allowed vaccine manufacturers to create combination vaccines that immunize against several diseases in a single injection. All these factors are creating a combinatorial explosion of alternatives and choices ...
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作者：Long, Elisa F.; Vaidya, Naveen K.; Brandeau, Margaret L.
作者单位：Yale University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Stanford University
摘要：A co-epidemic arises when the spread of one infectious disease stimulates the spread of another infectious disease. Recently, this has happened with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB). We develop two variants of a coepidemic model of two diseases. We calculate the basic reproduction number (R-0), the disease-free equilibrium, and the quasi-disease-free equilibria, which we de. ne as the existence of one disease along with the complete eradication of the other disease, and...
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作者：Bertsimas, Dimitris; Bjarnadottir, Margret V.; Kane, Michael A.; Kryder, J. Christian; Pandey, Rudra; Vempala, Santosh; Wang, Grant
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Stanford University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：The rising cost of health care is one of the world's most important problems. Accordingly, predicting such costs with accuracy is a significant first step in addressing this problem. Since the 1980s, there has been research on the predictive modeling of medical costs based on (health insurance) claims data using heuristic rules and regression methods. These methods, however, have not been appropriately validated using populations that the methods have not seen. We utilize modern data-mining me...
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作者：Sandikci, Burhaneddin; Maillart, Lisa M.; Schaefer, Andrew J.; Alagoz, Oguzhan; Roberts, Mark S.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：In the United States, patients with end-stage liver disease must join a waiting list to be eligible for cadaveric liver transplantation. Due to privacy concerns, the details of the composition of this waiting list are not publicly available. This paper considers the benefits associated with creating a more transparent waiting list. We study these benefits by modeling the organ accept/reject decision faced by these patients as a Markov decision process in which the state of the process is descr...
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作者：Maillart, Lisa M.; Ivy, Julie Simmons; Ransom, Scott; Diehl, Kathleen
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; North Carolina State University; University of North Texas System; University of North Texas Health Science Center; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Questions regarding the relative value and frequency of mammography screening for premenopausal women versus postmenopausal women remain open due to the conflicting age-based dynamics of both the disease (increasing incidence, decreasing aggression) and the accuracy of the test results (increasing sensitivity and specificity). To investigate these questions, we formulate a partially observed Markov chain model that captures several of these age-based dynamics not previously considered simultan...
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作者：Lee, Chris P.; Chertow, Glenn M.; Zenios, Stefanos A.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：Dialysis is the most common therapy for patients afflicted with chronic kidney failure. Currently, little is known about the relationship between the timing of dialysis initiation and the therapy's cost and effectiveness. This paper examines the cost-effective initiation of dialysis and compares standard initiation criteria from the clinical literature to computationally derived strategies. Comparisons make use of a simulation model that integrates submodels of disease progression, hospitaliza...
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作者：Chaovalitwongse, W. Art; Fan, Ya-Ju; Sachdeo, Rajesh C.
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Jersey Shore University Medical Center
摘要：This paper proposes a new classification technique, called support feature machine (SFM), for multidimensional time-series data. The proposed technique was applied to the classification of abnormal brain activity represented in electroencephalograms (EEGs). First, the dynamical properties of EEGs from each electrode were extracted. These dynamical profiles were put in SFM, which is an optimization model that maximizes classification accuracy by selecting electrodes (features) that correctly cl...
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作者：Bortfeld, Thomas; Chan, Timothy C. Y.; Trofimov, Alexei; Tsitsiklis, John N.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Radiation therapy is subject to uncertainties that need to be accounted for when determining a suitable treatment plan for a cancer patient. For lung and liver tumors, the presence of breathing motion during treatment is a challenge to the effective and reliable delivery of the radiation. In this paper, we build a model of motion uncertainty using probability density functions that describe breathing motion, and provide a robust formulation of the problem of optimizing intensity-modulated radi...
