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作者：Spencer, JW
作者单位：George Washington University
摘要：This paper argues that structural characteristics of knowledge-diffusion networks, such as density levels, centralization levels, and the presence of global knowledge brokers, contribute to the emergence of dominant designs and the competitiveness of countries' firms and industries. It further suggests that national institutional structures and firm-specific attributes influence the development of these knowledge-diffusion networks. Six propositions, developed from examination of one industry'...
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作者：Guillén, MF
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; IE University
摘要：The evolution of foreign entry in the form of joint ventures and wholly owned manufacturing operations is examined as a staged process shaped by experience and imitation dynamics at the firm, group, and industry levels of analysis. The expansion of South Korean firms into China between 1987 and 1995 lends support to the staged view of foreign entry. Over time, technology-intensive firms are more likely to abandon joint-venture entry modes, owing to contractual hazards. Firms in the same busine...
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作者：Hewett, K; Roth, MS; Roth, K
作者单位：Winthrop University; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：In this study, we examine the extent to which foreign subsidiaries are responsible for the development and implementation of marketing activities, as compared with these activities being controlled by headquarters. We propose and test a model of conditions that affect such headquarters and subsidiary roles, and explore the extent to which the alignment of these roles with certain conditions is associated with product performance. Our findings suggest that the more closely headquarters and subs...
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作者：Luo, Y
作者单位：University of Miami
摘要：This study extends research on parent-subsidiary links, applying new theoretical perspectives - those of resource dependence and dynamic capability - to the new empirical setting of an emerging market. We suggest that parent-subsidiary links help to mitigate emerging market threats by reducing external dependence, and help to capitalize on emerging market opportunities by enhancing local responsiveness. We identify four dimensions (resource commitment, information flow, local responsiveness an...
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作者：Giacobbe-Miller, JK; Miller, DJ; Zhang, W; Victorov, VI
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Connecticut State University System; Central Connecticut State University; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
摘要：Drawing from concepts of cultural distance and cultural propensity to change, we predict the convergence, divergence or crossvergence of distributive justice values in China and Russia, as compared with US managers. Using institutional theory, we predict responses by organizational type (joint ventures/foreign-owned vs state-owned enterprises (SOEs)). Lastly, we develop predictions based on the interaction of culture and organizational type. Results indicate divergence in China, regardless of ...
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作者：Delios, A; Henisz, WJ
作者单位：National University of Singapore; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We extend the stages model of internationalization to incorporate a sophisticated consideration of temporal and cross-national variation in the uncertainty of the policy environment. Using a sample of 6465 international expansions of 665 Japanese manufacturing firms in 49 countries, we develop arguments from internationalization and bargaining power perspectives to show how Japanese firms manage policy uncertainty in host country environments through the within-country sequencing of investment...
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作者：Henisz, WJ
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Recent patterns of rapid internationalization in sectors characterized by strong public interest and both government and domestic capital constraints seem, at first, inconsistent with the drivers of internationalization identified by Buckley and Casson (1976) for manufacturing industries in the postwar era. A more microanalytic perspective, however, identifies the ability to manage institutional idiosyncrasies as a firm-level capability akin to research or advertising that can drive internaliz...
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作者：Brown, JR; Dev, CS; Zhou, Z
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Cornell University; University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper argues that the ownership and control dimensions of foreign market entry mode choice should be separated, and that foreign market entry mode decisions should be expanded to business activities beyond production and distribution. Empirical results from the global hotel industry indicate that the transferability of the entrant's competitive advantages, the local market's absorptive capacity, and the availability of trustworthy local partners differentially affect the ownership and con...
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作者：Kogut, B; Zander, U
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：Firms are social communities that specialize in the creation and internal transfer of knowledge. The multinational corporation arises not out of the failure of markets for the buying and selling of knowledge, but out of its superior; efficiency as an organizational vehicle by which to transfer this knowledge across borders. We test the claim that firms specialize in the internal transfer of tacit knowledge by empirically examining the decision to transfer the capability to manufacture new prod...
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作者：Lenartowicz, T; Johnson, JP
作者单位：Rollins College; State University System of Florida; Florida Atlantic University
摘要：We draw upon studies from the social sciences to develop and test hypotheses about similarities and differences in the importance of values among managers in 12 Latin American countries. Using the Rokeach Value Survey, data from 1015 owner-managers of small businesses indicated convergence among values relating to group interests, but significant variation among values serving individual interests. In addition, several groups of countries were identified as culturally similar, whereas Brazil a...
