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作者：GRAHAM, MBW
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作者：BODDEWYN, JJ
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：Alternative assumptions are advanced regarding the political nature of international business and the role of government as a factor of production, which firms must manage in their international value-added chains. Based on a model of business political behavior. various propositions are developed regarding the interactions among firm, industry. and nonmarket factors as well as the impact they have on various forms and intensities of political behavior, as affected by strategic objectives. Fin...
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作者：PERRY, EL; DAVISBLAKE, A; KULIK, CT
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：In this article we integrate contextual and cognitive explanations for gender-based selection in the workplace; we also consider the implications of this integration for understanding gender segregation. We argue that decision makers' propensity to use applicant gender as a basis for hiring and promotion decisions varies systematically across organizational contexts. We explore specific ways in which organizational context influences decision makers' development and use of gender-associated sc...
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作者：REEVES, CA; BEDNAR, DA
摘要：The search for a universal definition of quality has yielded inconsistent results. Such a global definition does not exist; rather. different definitions of quality are appropriate under different circumstances. In this article, we trace the evolution of quality definitions and describe the trade-offs inherent in accepting one definition of quality over another. The implications of using various definitions of quality in future research also are discussed.
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作者：WALDMAN, DA
摘要：Based on recently proposed principles of total quality management (TQM), a system-focused perspective is considered here with regard to the determinants of work performance. The system is seen as an important source of variance affecting performance both indirectly and interactively. Moreover, the individual is seen as potentially affecting the system. Hierarchical level and autonomy are considered as key moderating variables in understanding individual versus system influences on work perform...
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作者：DEAN, JW; BOWEN, DE
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Downtown Phoenix
摘要：We introduce this theory-development forum by comparing total quality and management theory at both global and topic-specific levels. Our analysis suggests that management research could be enhanced by incorporating some insights of total quality into management theory. We also conclude, however, that management practice could be improved by incorporating insights from management theory into total quality efforts, and that. In fact, total quality has already incorporated many such insights. Fi...
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作者：WAGNER, JA
摘要：In this article I reanalyze a recent review of research on relationships between participation and performance or satisfaction; next I compare the results of this reanalysis with the findings of 10 other reviews. Despite ostensible differences among the initial findings of the 11 reviews, further analysis indicates that they all support the same conclusion: Research suggests that participation can have statistically significant effects on performance and satisfaction, but the average size of t...
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作者：DONALDSON, T; DUNFEE, TW
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Georgetown University
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作者：KLEIN, KJ; DANSEREAU, F; HALL, RJ
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY; University System of Ohio; University of Akron
摘要：Despite past entreaties to organizational theorists and researchers to address levels issues more carefully, levels issues continue to arouse confusion and controversy within the organizational literature. We highlight three alternative assumptions that underlie the specification of levels of theory throughout organizational behavior: (a) homogeneity within higher level units, (b) independence from higher level units, and (c) heterogeneity within higher level units. These assumptions influence...
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作者：DITOMASO, N
