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作者：Freeman, E
作者单位：University of Virginia
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作者：Kogut, B; Kulatilaka, N
作者单位：INSEAD Business School; Boston University
摘要：As options models move from financial markets to corporate decision making, it is fitting to question the simple domain extension of option pricing theory by considering behavioral decision-making biases. We suggest, however, that, given the negative evolutionary consequences of ignoring optionlike investments, organizations invent heuristic rules to counter these biases. We propose the idea of a domain translation that shows how the basic insight of option pricing can be preserved through evo...
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作者：Zardkoohi, A
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：I examine the concern that unconstrained real options can lead to escalation. of commitment and identify contexts in which escalation of commitment is likely. I argue that these situations fall primarily outside the realm of unregulated for-profit organizations and also that the predictions of agency and attribution theories counter the predictions of the escalation of commitment framework. Finally, I assert that optimality requires flexibility in the timing of the exercise of real options whe...
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作者：Swann, WB Jr; Polzer, JT; Seyle, DC; Ko, SJ
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Harvard University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We propose a model of group processes that accords a key role to the verification of people's self-views (thoughts and feelings about the self). This approach partially incorporates past work on self-categorization (under the rubric of verification of social self-views) and introduces a new set of processes (the verification of personal self-views) to the groups literature. Conceptual analysis and recent empirical evidence suggest the self-verification framework offers a novel perspective on f...
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作者：McGrath, RG; Ferrier, WJ; Mendelow, AL
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Kentucky; University System of Ohio; Kent State University; Kent State University Salem; Kent State University Kent
摘要：Four characterizations of options exist: (1) as a component of total firm value. (2) as specific projects, (3) as choices, and (4) as a heuristic for strategic investment. Option value exists when two conditions apply: future choices and potential for proprietary access to outcomes. Narrower boundary conditions are inconsistent with theory and incomplete for application. The option lens has promise for its power to shed economic insight into behavioral processes.
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作者：Biggart, NW; Delbridge, R
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; Cardiff University
摘要：We develop a classification scheme of systems of exchange using concepts from network analysis, economics, and cultural sociology. This classification illustrates that the free market is but one possible type of economy and that other types are not best understood as imperfections. This classification helps to distinguish analytically among qualitatively different types of exchange arrangements and suggests bases from which to develop theories about the organization of markets and exchange sys...
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作者：Pollock, TG; Porac, JF; Wade, JB
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; New York University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We introduce the concept of the network architect to extend theory explaining how brokers create and manage structural holes in mediated markets. We argue that a broker's social resources and dependence on the market, along with exogenous deal conditions, influence the broker's motivations and willingness to make tradeoffs between long-term and short-term considerations when constructing deal networks. We develop our model and propositions in the context of the U.S. initial public offerings ma...
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作者：Adner, R; Levinthal, DA
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：The commentaries on our article fail to come to grips with the distinct challenges raised by a process of experimentation that leads to the discovery of new possible initiatives. These challenges differ from those posed by an investment that provides privileged access to a prespecified set of possible follow-on investments. By treating these challenges as simple problems of implementation, the commentaries ignore the strategic tradeoffs implied by efficient abandonment processes and, therefore...
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作者：Brief, AP
