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作者：SUTTON, RI; STAW, BM
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This essay describes differences between papers that contain some theory rather than no theory. There is little agreement about what constitutes strong versus weak theory in the social sciences, but there is more consensus that references, data, variables, diagrams, and hypotheses are not theory. Despite this consensus, however, authors routinely use these five elements in lieu of theory. We explain how each of these five elements can be confused with theory and how to avoid such confusion. By...
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作者：STAW, BM; HOANG, H
摘要：This study represents one of the first quantitative field tests of the sunk-cost effect. We tested whether the amount teams spent for players in the National Basketball Association (NEA) influenced how much playing time players got and how long they stayed with NEA franchises. Sunk costs were operationalized by the order in which players were selected in the college draft. Draft order was then used to predict playing time, being traded, and survival in the NEA. Although one might logically exp...
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作者：HOLM, P
摘要：This article considers the fundamental paradox of new institutional theories of organizations: How can actors change institutions if their actions, intentions, and rationality are all conditioned by the very institution they wish to change? I argue that the problem of institutional change can be solved if institutions are seen as nested systems, that is, interconnected, multilevel systems in which each action-level or arena simultaneously is a framework for action and a product of action. This...
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作者：GREVE, HR
摘要：This paper focuses on organizations' abandonment of strategy, which may be driven jointly by contagion and competition from other organizations. This paper treats both explanations but emphasizes contagion. I argue that strategy abandonment is contagious because the future performance of current and alternative strategies is highly uncertain, causing decision makers to examine the actions of other organizations in the industry for clues to the correct action. Contagion from organizations easil...
