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作者：Staw, BM; Epstein, LD
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper examines some of the important organizational consequences of popular management techniques. Using informational reports on quality, empowerment, and teams, as well as a measure of the implementation of total quality management programs, we found that companies associated with popular management techniques did not have higher economic performance. Nevertheless, these same companies were more admired, perceived to be more innovative, and rated higher in management quality. Higher pay...
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作者：Zuckerman, EW
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：The issue of corporate control is examined through an analysis of the de-diversification activity of publicly held American firms from 1985 to 1994. Prominent accounts of such behavior depict newly powerful shareholders as having demanded a dismantling of the inefficient, highly diversified corporate strategies that arose in the late 1950s and the 1960s. This paper highlights an additional factor that spurred such divestiture: the need to present a coherent product identity in the stock market...
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作者：Bartel, CA; Saavedra, R
作者单位：New York University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This research examines mood as a collective property of work groups. We argue that work group members experience group moods when they can detect and display mood information through observable behavioral expressions. To test the hypothesis that work group moods are manifested behaviorally, we developed an observational instrument and compared observers' reports of work group mood with self-reported measures from 70 work groups. As predicted, groups converged for eight distinct mood categories...
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作者：D'Aunno, T; Succi, M; Alexander, JA
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Chapman University System; Chapman University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper focuses on a radical change, in which organizations abandon an institutionalized template for arranging their core activities, that is likely to occur in organizational fields that have strong, local market forces and strong but heterogeneous institutional forces. We examine the role of market forces and heterogeneous institutional elements in promoting divergent change in core activities among all U.S. rural hospitals from 1984 to 1991. Results support the view that divergent chang...
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作者：Morris, MW; Moore, PC
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：We investigate how individuals learn from imagined might-have-been scenarios. We hypothesize that individuals are more likely to learn when they have responded to an event with upward-directed, self-focused counterfactual thoughts, and, additionally, that this learning process is inhibited by accountability to organizational superiors. Support for these hypotheses was obtained in two studies that assessed learning by aviation pilots from the experience of near accidents. Study 1 analyzed count...
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作者：Tetlock, PE
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：The study reported here assessed the impact of managers' philosophies of human nature on their reactions to influential academic claims and counter-claims of when human judgment is likely to stray from rational-actor standards and of how organizations can correct these biases. Managers evaluated scenarios that depicted decision-making processes at micro, meso, and macro levels of analysis: alleged cognitive biases of individuals, strategies of structuring and coping with accountability relatio...
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作者：Sorensen, JB; Stuart, TE
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作者：Gavetti, G; Levinthal, D
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We used computer simulations to examine the role and interrelationship between search processes that are forward-looking, based on actors' cognitive map of action-outcome linkages, and those that are backward-looking, or experience based. Cognition was modeled as a simple, low-dimensional representation of a more complex, higher dimensional fitness landscape. Results show that, although crude, these representations still act as a powerful guide to initial search efforts and usefully constrain ...
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作者：Pratt, MG
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：An ethnographic study of distributors for Amway, a network marketing organization, examines the practices and processes involved in managing members' organizational identification. It shows that this organization manages identification by using two types of practices: sense-breaking practices that break down meaning and sense-giving practices that provide meaning. When both sense-breaking and sense-giving practices are successful, members positively identify with the organization. When either ...
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作者：Barsade, SG; Ward, AJ; Turner, JDF; Sonnenfeld, JA
作者单位：Yale University; Emory University
摘要：In this study we develop a model of how diversity in positive affect (PA) among group members influences individual attitudes, group processes, and group performance. We test the model on a sample of 62 U.S. top management teams. Greater affective fit between a team member and his or her group is related to more positive attitudes about group relations and perceptions of greater influence within the group. Results also suggest there is a negative relationship between a team's diversity in trai...
