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作者：Bothner, Matthew S.; Kang, Jeong-han; Stuart, Toby E.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Cornell University; Harvard University
摘要：This article uses National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) races to examine how competitive crowding affects the risk-taking conduct of actors in a tournament. We develop three claims: (1) crowding from below, which measures the number of competitors capable of surpassing a given actor in a tournament- based contest, predisposes that actor to take risks; (2) as a determinant of risky conduct, crowding from below has a stronger influence than crowding from above, which captures t...
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作者：Xiao, Zhixing; Tsui, Anne S.
作者单位：China Europe International Business School; Peking University; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Xi'an Jiaotong University
摘要：In this paper, we bring structural holes theory to different cultural contexts by studying the effect of structural holes in four high- tech companies in China and assessing whether they confer the benefits to individuals occupying the brokering position in a career network that have been found in Western contexts. On the level of national culture, we propose that the typical collectivistic culture of China will dampen the effects of structural holes. On the organizational level, we propose th...
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作者：Sorensen, Jesper B.
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Using a study of the relationship between bureaucratic work environments and individual rates of entrepreneurship, I revisit a fundamental premise of sociological approaches to entrepreneurship, namely, that the social context shapes the likelihood of entrepreneurial activity, above and beyond any effects of individual characteristics. Establishing such contextual effects empirically is complicated by the possibility that unobserved individual traits influence both the contexts in which people...
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作者：Lazer, David; Friedman, Allan
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Whether as team members brainstorming or cultures experimenting with new technologies, problem solvers communicate and share ideas. This paper examines how the structure of communication networks among actors can affect system-level performance. We present an agent-based computer simulation model of information sharing in which the less successful emulate the more successful. Results suggest that when agents are dealing with a complex problem, the more efficient the network at disseminating in...
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作者：Zott, Christoph; Huy, Quy Nguyen
作者单位：INSEAD Business School
摘要：Results of a two- year inductive field study of British ventures show that entrepreneurs are more likely to acquire resources for new ventures if they perform symbolic actions - actions in which the actor displays or tries to draw other people's attention to the meaning of an object or action that goes beyond the object's or action's intrinsic content or functional use. We identify four symbolic action categories that facilitate resource acquisition: conveying the entrepreneur's personal credi...
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作者：Kim, Tai-Young; Shin, Dongyoub; Oh, Hongseok; Jeong, Young-Chul
作者单位：Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); Yonsei University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This paper explores why and how organizations respond to external pressures for institutional change in terms of organizational political dynamics. The focus on organizational political dynamics is important in understanding a period of institutional change when multiple groups of actors are involved in the dynamic political processes of promoting each group's goals, interests, ideologies, and institutional logic. We propose a social movement framework of organizational political dynamics that...
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作者：Sorenson, Olav
作者单位：University of Toronto
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作者：Gomez-Mejia, Luis R.; Haynes, Katalin Takacs; Nunez-Nickel, Manuel; Jacobson, Kathyrn J. L.; Moyano-Fuentes, Jose
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Mays Business School; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Universidad de Jaen
摘要：This paper challenges the prevalent notion that family-owned firms are more risk averse than publicly owned firms. Using behavioral theory, we argue that for family firms, the primary reference point is the loss of their socioemotional wealth, and to avoid those losses, family firms are willing to accept a significant risk to their performance; yet at the same time, they avoid risky business decisions that might aggravate that risk. Thus, we propose that the predictions of behavioral theory di...
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作者：Zhou, Wubiao
作者单位：Nanyang Technological University
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作者：Levinthal, Daniel; Posen, Hart E.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper develops and tests a model of the effectiveness of selection processes in eliminating less fit organizations from a population when organizations are undergoing adaptive change. Stable organizational traits, such as a search strategy or routine, do not imply that an organization's performance will remain stable over time or that cross-sectional differences in performance will persist. These properties create the possibility that population-level selection processes will be inefficie...
