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作者：Lakdawalla, D; Philipson, T
作者单位：RAND Corporation; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; University of Chicago
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作者：Hendricks, L
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：This paper offers new evidence on the sources of cross-country income differences. It exploits the idea that observing immigrant workers from different countries in the same labor market provides an opportunity to estimate their human-capital endowments. These estimates suggest that human and physical capital account for only a fraction of cross-country income differences. For countries below 40 percent of U.S. output per worker, less than half of the output gap relative to the United States i...
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作者：Jones, CI
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Rising educational attainment and research intensity in recent decades suggest that the U.S. economy is far from its steady state. This paper develops a model reconciling these facts with the stability of U.S. growth rates. In the model, long-run growth arises from the worldwide discovery of ideas, which depends on population growth. Nevertheless, constant growth can temporarily proceed at a faster rate, provided research intensity and educational attainment rise steadily over time. Growth acc...
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作者：Harless, DW; Hoffer, GE
作者单位：Virginia Commonwealth University
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作者：Rosen, S
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作者：Gertler, P; Gruber, J
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：One of the most sizable and least predictable shocks to economic opportunities in developing countries is major illness. We investigate the extent to which families are able to insure consumption against major illness using a unique panel data set from Indonesia that combines excellent measures of health status with consumption information. We find that there are significant economic costs associated with major illness, and that there is very imperfect insurance of consumption over illness epi...
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作者：Keller, W
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：Income convergence across countries turns on whether technological knowledge spillovers are global or local. I estimate the amount of spillovers from R&D expenditures on a geographic basis, using a new data set which encompasses most of the world's innovative activity between 1970 and 1995. I find that technology is to a substantial degree local, not global, as the benefits,from spillovers are declining with distance. The distance at which the amount of spillovers is halved is about 1,200 kilo...
