Geographic localization of international technology diffusion

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Keller, W
• 署名单位: University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
• 刊物名称: AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0002-8282
• DOI: 10.1257/000282802760015630
• 发表日期: 2002
• 页码: 120-142
• 关键词: research-and-development; knowledge spillovers; TRADE; PRODUCTIVITY; GROWTH; MODEL; US

摘要

Income convergence across countries turns on whether technological knowledge spillovers are global or local. I estimate the amount of spillovers from R&D expenditures on a geographic basis, using a new data set which encompasses most of the world's innovative activity between 1970 and 1995. I find that technology is to a substantial degree local, not global, as the benefits,from spillovers are declining with distance. The distance at which the amount of spillovers is halved is about 1,200 kilometers. I also find that over time, technological knowledge has become considerably more global. Moreover, language skills are important for spillover diffusion.