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作者:Koch, Christoffer; Richardson, Gary; Van Horn, Patrick
作者单位:Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Richmond; University of California System; University of California Irvine; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者:Naik, Nikhil; Raskar, Ramesh; Hidalgo, Cesar A.
作者单位:Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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作者:Cockburn, Iain M.; Lanjouw, Jean O.; Schankerman, Mark
作者单位:Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要:Analysis of the timing of launches of 642 new drugs in 76 countries during 1983-2002 shows that patent and price regulation regimes strongly affect how quickly new drugs become commercially available in different countries. Price regulation delays launch, while longer and more extensive patent rights accelerate it. Health policy institutions and economic and demographic factors that make markets more profitable also speed up diffusion. The estimated effects are generally robust to controlling ...
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作者:Arve, Malin; Martimort, David
作者单位:Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Paris School of Economics
摘要:We characterize the optimal dynamic contract for a long-term basic service when an uncertain add-on is required later on. Introducing firm risk aversion has two impacts. Profits for the basic service can be backloaded to induce cheaper information revelation for this service: an Income Effect which reduces output distortions. The firm must also bear some risk to induce information revelation for the add-on. This Risk Effect reduces the level of the add-on but hardens information revelation for...
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作者:Jacobi, Liana; Sovinsky, Michelle
作者单位:University of Melbourne; University of Mannheim; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要:Marijuana is the most common illicit drug with vocal advocates for legalization. Among other things, legalization would increase access and remove the stigma of illegality. Our model disentangles the role of access from preferences and shows that selection into access is not random. We find that traditional demand estimates are biased resulting in incorrect policy conclusions. If marijuana were legalized, those under 30 would see modest increases in use of 28 percent, while on average use woul...
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作者:Acolin, Arthur; Bricker, Jesse; Calem, Paul; Wachter, Susan
作者单位:University of Southern California; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania
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作者:Choi, Dong Beom; Eisenbach, Thomas M.; Yorulmazer, Tanju
作者单位:Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; University of Amsterdam
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作者:Johnson, William R.; Markel, Kelly
作者单位:University of Virginia
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作者:Lahey, Joanna N.; Oxley, Douglas
作者单位:Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者:Schmeiser, Maximilian; Stoddard, Christiana; Urban, Carly
作者单位:Amazon.com; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman