-
作者：Ferey, Antoine; Lockwood, Benjamin B.; Taubinsky, Dmitry
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper provides empirically implementable sufficient statistics formulas for optimal nonlinear tax systems in the presence of across-income heterogeneity in preferences, , inheritances, , income-shifting capabilities, , and other sources. We characterize optimal smooth tax systems on income and savings ( or other commodities), as well as simpler tax systems. We use familiar elasticity concepts and a novel sufficient statistic for heterogeneity correlated with earnings ability: the differen...
-
作者：Mahadevan, Meera
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：Politicians may target public goods to benefit their constituents, , at the expense of others. I study corruption in the context of Indian electricity and estimate the welfare consequences. Using new administrative billing data and close-election regression discontinuities, , I show that billed electricity consumption is lower for constituencies of the winning party by almost 40 percent, , while actual consumption, , measured by nighttime lights, , is higher. I document the covert way in which...
-
作者：McClellan, Andrew
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：We study the design of negotiation strategies when a principal and agent must decide how to split a pie while the agent's outside option changes over time. The principal's optimal strategy under commitment demonstrates a new, , but intuitive, , set of negotiation dynamics. When the agent is tempted to leave, , the principal gradually promises a larger share ( decreasing demands) ) and more time to explore the outside option ( decreasing pressure), ) , illustrating a complementarity between the...
-
作者：Dupas, Pascaline; Jain, Radhika
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of London; University College London
摘要：We document large gender disparities within a government program that entitles 46 million poor individuals to free hospital care. We show that care is not free in practice and higher costs are associated with larger disparities. Lowering care costs increases female utilization but does not reduce gender disparities because marginal beneficiaries are as likely to be male as inframarginals. Long-term exposure to local female leaders reduces disparities by addressing factors lowering female care....
-
作者：Haltiwanger, John; Hyatt, Henry R.; Spletzer, James R.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Most of the rise in overall earnings inequality from 1996 to 2018 is accounted for by rising between-industry dispersion. The contribution of industries is right-skewed with the top 10 percent of four-digit NAICS industries dominating. The top 10 percent are clustered in high-paying high-tech and low-paying retail sectors. In the top industries, , high-wage workers are increasingly sorted to high-wage industries with rising industry premia. In the bottom industries, , low-wage workers are incr...
-
作者：Barwick, Panle jia; Li, Shanjun; Waxman, Andrew; Wu, Jing; Xia, Tianli
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; National Bureau of Economic Research; National Bureau of Economic Research; Cornell University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Tsinghua University; University of Rochester
摘要：We estimate an equilibrium sorting model of housing location and commuting mode choice with endogenous trafic congestion to evaluate urban transportation policies. Leveraging ine-scale data from travel diaries and housing transactions identifying residents' home and work locations, , we recover rich preference heterogeneity over both travel mode and residential location decisions. While different policies produce the same congestion reduction, , their impacts on social welfare differ drastical...
-
作者：Bartling, Bjorn; Valero, Vanessa; Weber, Roberto A.; Yao, Lan
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Leicester; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
摘要：We investigate the causal impact of public discourse on socially having market participants engage in public discourse generally increases market social responsibility. These positive impacts are robust to variation in several characteristics of the discourse. We provide evidence that discourse strengthens beliefs that others support socially responsible exchange. However, relaxing requirements to engage in discourse sharply reduces its effectiveness. Our findings suggest that campaigns encour...
-
作者：Frank, Eyal; Sudarshan, Anant
作者单位：University of Chicago; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Scientific evidence has documented we are undergoing a mass extinction of species, caused by human activity. However, allocating conservation resources is difficult due to scarce evidence on damages from losing individual species. This paper studies the collapse of vultures in India, triggered by the expiry of a patent on a painkiller. Our results suggest the functional extinction of vultures-efficient scavengers that removed carcasses from the environment-increased human mortality by over 4 p...
-
作者：Kelley, Erin M.; Lane, Gregory; Schonholzer, David
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Small firms struggle to grow beyond a few employees. We introduce monitoring devices into commuter minibuses in Kenya and randomize which minibus owners have access to the data using a novel mobile app. We find that treated vehicle owners modify the terms of the contract to induce higher effort and lower risk taking from their drivers. This reduces firm costs and increases firm profitability. There is suggestive evidence that some firms expand. These results suggest that small firms may be abl...
-
作者：da Silveira, Rava Azeredo; Sung, Yeji; Woodford, Michael
作者单位：Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Sorbonne Universite; University of Basel; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco; Columbia University
摘要：We propose a model of optimal decision-making subject to a memory constraint in the spirit of models of rational inattention. Our theory differs from that of Sims ( 2003 ) in not assuming costless memory of past cognitive states. The model implies that both forecasts and actions will exhibit idiosyncratic random variation; that average beliefs will exhibit a bias that fluctuates forever; and that more recent news will be given disproportionate weight in forecasts. The model provides a simple e...
