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作者：Lileeva, Alla; Trefler, Daniel
作者单位：York University - Canada; University of Toronto; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Market size matters for innovation and hence for productivity. Improved access to foreign markets will thus encourage firms to simultaneously export and invest in raising productivity. We examine this insight using the responses of Canadian plants to the elimination of U. S. tariffs. Unique plant-specific tariff cuts serve as an instrument for changes in exporting. We find that Canadian plants that were induced by the tariff cuts to start exporting or to export more (a) increased their labor p...
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作者：Aghion, Philippe; Algan, Yann; Cahuc, Pierre; Shleifer, Andrei
作者单位：Harvard University; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Ecole Polytechnique
摘要：We document that, in a cross section of countries, government regulation is strongly negatively correlated with measures of trust. In a simple model explaining this correlation, distrust creates public demand for regulation, whereas regulation in turn discourages formation of trust, leading to multiple equilibria. A key implication of the model is that individuals in low-trust countries want more government intervention even though they know the government is corrupt. We test this and other im...
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作者：Carrell, Scott E.; Page, Marianne E.; West, James E.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Why aren't there more women in science? This paper begins to shed light on this question by exploiting data from the U. S. Air Force Academy, where students are randomly assigned to professors for a wide variety of mandatory standardized courses. We focus on the role of professor gender. Our results suggest that although professor gender has little impact on male students, it has a powerful effect on female students' performance in math and science classes, and high-performing female students'...
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作者：Kesten, Onur
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：An increasingly popular practice for student assignment to public schools in the United States is the use of school choice systems. The celebrated Gale-Shapley student-optimal stable mechanism (SOSM) has recently replaced two deficient student assignment mechanisms that were in use in New York City and Boston. We provide theoretical evidence that the SOSM outcome may produce large welfare losses. Then we propose an efficiency-adjusted deferred acceptance mechanism (EADAM) that allows a student...
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作者：Einav, Liran; Finkelstein, Amy; Cullen, Mark R.
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We provide a graphical illustration of how standard consumer and producer theory can be used to quantify the welfare loss associated with inefficient pricing in insurance markets with selection. We then show how this welfare loss can be estimated empirically using identifying variation in the price of insurance. Such variation, together with quantity data, allows us to estimate the demand for insurance. The same variation, together with cost data, allows us to estimate how insurers' costs vary...
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作者：Caplin, Andrew; Dean, Mark; Glimcher, Paul W.; Rutledge, Robb B.
作者单位：New York University; Brown University; New York University
摘要：The neurotransmitter dopamine is central to the emerging discipline of neuroeconomics; it is hypothesized to encode the difference between expected and realized rewards and thereby to mediate belief formation and choice. We develop the first formal tests of this theory of dopaminergic function, based on a recent axiomatization by Caplin and Dean (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123 (2008), 663-702). These tests are satisfied by neural activity in the nucleus accumbens, an area rich in dopamine...
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作者：Nakamura, Emi; Steinsson, Jon
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：Empirical evidence suggests that as much as one-third of the U. S. business cycle is due to nominal shocks. We calibrate a multisector menu cost model using new evidence on the cross-sectional distribution of the frequency and size of price changes in the U. S. economy. We augment the model to incorporate intermediate inputs. We show that the introduction of heterogeneity in the frequency of price change triples the degree of monetary non-neutrality generated by the model. We furthermore show ...
