-
作者：Brunnermeier, Markus K.; Simsek, Alp; Xiong, Wei
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This article proposes a welfare criterion for economies in which agents have heterogeneously distorted beliefs. Instead of taking a stand on whose belief is correct, our criterion asserts that an allocation is belief-neutral efficient (inefficient) if it is efficient (inefficient) under any convex combination of agents' beliefs. Although this criterion gives an incomplete ranking of social allocations, it can identify positive-and negative-sum speculation driven by conflicting beliefs in a bro...
-
作者：Coffman, Katherine Baldiga
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：We use a lab experiment to explore the factors that predict an individual's decision to contribute her idea to a group. We find that contribution decisions depend on the interaction of gender and the gender stereotype associated with the decision-making domain: conditional on measured ability, individuals are less willing to contribute ideas in areas that are stereotypically outside of their gender's domain. Importantly, these decisions are largely driven by self-assessments, rather than fear ...
-
作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Kostol, Andreas Ravndal; Mogstad, Magne
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Statistics Norway; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Bergen; University of Chicago
摘要：We investigate the existence and importance of family welfare cultures, where the receipt of a welfare program by one generation causes increased participation in the next generation. Our context is Norway's disability insurance (DI) system. To overcome the challenge of correlated unobservables across generations, we take advantage of random assignment of judges to DI applicants whose cases are initially denied. Some appeal judges are systematically more lenient, which leads to random variatio...
-
作者：Chetty, Raj; Hendren, Nathaniel; Kline, Patrick; Saez, Emmanuel
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of intergenerational mobility in the United States. First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level. The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks. On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase
-
作者：Yanagizawa-Drott, David
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This article investigates the role of mass media in times of conflict and state-sponsored mass violence against civilians. We use a unique village-level data set from the Rwandan genocide to estimate the impact of a popular radio station that encouraged violence against the Tutsi minority population. The results show that the broadcasts had a significant effect on participation in killings by both militia groups and ordinary civilians. An estimated 51,000 perpetrators, or approximately 10% of ...
-
作者：Gabaix, Xavier
作者单位：New York University
摘要：This article defines and analyzes a sparse max operator, which is a less than fully attentive and rational version of the traditional max operator. The agent builds (as economists do) a simplified model of the world which is sparse, considering only the variables of first-order importance. His stylized model and his resulting choices both derive from constrained optimization. Still, the sparse max remains tractable to compute. Moreover, the induced outcomes reflect basic psychological forces g...
-
作者：Lehmann, Etienne; Simula, Laurent; Trannoy, Alain
作者单位：Universite Paris-Pantheon-Assas; Uppsala University; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：We investigate how potential tax-driven migrations modify the Mirrlees income tax schedule when two countries play Nash. The social objective is the maximin and preferences are quasi-linear in consumption. Individuals differ both in skills and migration costs, which are continuously distributed. We derive the optimal marginal income tax rates at the equilibrium, extending the Diamond-Saez formula. We show that the level and the slope of the semi-elasticity of migration (on which we lack empiri...
-
作者：Eyster, Erik; Rabin, Matthew
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Harvard University
摘要：Rationality leads people to imitate those with similar tastes but different information. But people who imitate common sources develop correlated beliefs, and rationality demands that later social learners take this correlation into account. This implies severe limits to rational imitation. We show that (i) in most natural observation structures besides the canonical single-file case, full rationality dictates that people must anti-imitate some of those they observe; and (ii) in every observat...
-
作者：Autor, David H.; Dorn, David; Hanson, Gordon H.; Song, Jae
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Zurich; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We analyze the effect of exposure to international trade on earnings and employment of U.S. workers from 1992 through 2007 by exploiting industry shocks to import competition stemming from China's spectacular rise as a manufacturing exporter paired with longitudinal data on individual earnings by employer spanning close to two decades. Individuals who in 1991 worked in manufacturing industries that experienced high subsequent import growth garner lower cumulative earnings, face elevated risk o...
-
作者：Hjort, Jonas
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：A body of literature suggests that ethnic heterogeneity limits economic growth. This article provides microeconometric evidence on the direct effect of ethnic divisions on productivity. In team production at a plant in Kenya, an upstream worker supplies and distributes flowers to two downstream workers, who assemble them into bunches. The plant uses an essentially random rotation process to assign workers to positions, leading to three types of teams: (i) ethnically homogeneous teams, and team...
