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作者：Lehmann, Etienne; Simula, Laurent; Trannoy, Alain
作者单位：Universite Paris-Pantheon-Assas; Uppsala University; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：We investigate how potential tax-driven migrations modify the Mirrlees income tax schedule when two countries play Nash. The social objective is the maximin and preferences are quasi-linear in consumption. Individuals differ both in skills and migration costs, which are continuously distributed. We derive the optimal marginal income tax rates at the equilibrium, extending the Diamond-Saez formula. We show that the level and the slope of the semi-elasticity of migration (on which we lack empiri...
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作者：Eyster, Erik; Rabin, Matthew
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Harvard University
摘要：Rationality leads people to imitate those with similar tastes but different information. But people who imitate common sources develop correlated beliefs, and rationality demands that later social learners take this correlation into account. This implies severe limits to rational imitation. We show that (i) in most natural observation structures besides the canonical single-file case, full rationality dictates that people must anti-imitate some of those they observe; and (ii) in every observat...
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作者：Caron, Justin; Fally, Thibault; Markusen, James R.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：International trade literature tends to focus heavily on the production side of general equilibrium, leaving us with a number of empirical puzzles. There is, for example, considerably less world trade than predicted by Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) models. Trade among rich countries is higher and trade between rich and poor countries lower than suggested by HOV and other supply-driven theories, and trade-to-GDP ratios are higher in rich countries. Our approach focuses on the relationship between...
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作者：Vavra, Joseph
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Is monetary policy less effective at increasing real output during periods of high volatility than during normal times? In this article, I argue that greater volatility leads to an increase in aggregate price flexibility so that nominal stimulus mostly generates inflation rather than output growth. To do this, I construct price-setting models with volatility shocks and show these models match new facts in CPI micro data that standard price-setting models miss. I then show that these models imp...
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作者：Autor, David H.; Dorn, David; Hanson, Gordon H.; Song, Jae
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Zurich; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We analyze the effect of exposure to international trade on earnings and employment of U.S. workers from 1992 through 2007 by exploiting industry shocks to import competition stemming from China's spectacular rise as a manufacturing exporter paired with longitudinal data on individual earnings by employer spanning close to two decades. Individuals who in 1991 worked in manufacturing industries that experienced high subsequent import growth garner lower cumulative earnings, face elevated risk o...
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作者：Hjort, Jonas
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：A body of literature suggests that ethnic heterogeneity limits economic growth. This article provides microeconometric evidence on the direct effect of ethnic divisions on productivity. In team production at a plant in Kenya, an upstream worker supplies and distributes flowers to two downstream workers, who assemble them into bunches. The plant uses an essentially random rotation process to assign workers to positions, leading to three types of teams: (i) ethnically homogeneous teams, and team...
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作者：Kline, Patrick; Moretti, Enrico
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the long-run effects of one of the most ambitious regional development programs in U.S. history: the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Using as controls authorities that were proposed but never approved by Congress, we find that the TVA led to large gains in agricultural employment that were eventually reversed when the program's subsidies ended. Gains in manufacturing employment, by contrast, continued to intensify well after federal transfers had lapsed-a pattern consistent with the...
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作者：Hodler, Roland; Raschky, Paul A.
作者单位：University of St Gallen; Monash University
摘要：We complement the literature on distributive politics by taking a systematic look at regional favoritism in a large and diverse sample of countries and by employing a broad measure that captures the aggregate distributive effect of many different policies. In particular, we use satellite data on nighttime light intensity and information about the birthplaces of the countries' political leaders. In our panel of 38,427 subnational regions from 126 countries with yearly observations from 1992 to ...
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作者：Hsieh, Chang-Tai; Klenow, Peter J.
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University
摘要：In the United States, the average 40-year-old plant employs more than seven times as many workers as the typical plant 5 years or younger. In contrast, surviving plants in India and Mexico exhibit much slower growth, roughly doubling in size over the same age range. The divergence in plant dynamics suggests lower investments by Indian and Mexican plants in process efficiency, quality, and in accessing markets at home and abroad. In simple general equilibrium models, we find that the difference...
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作者：Blattman, Christopher; Fiala, Nathan; Martinez, Sebastian
作者单位：Columbia University; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：We study a government program in Uganda designed to help the poor and unemployed become self-employed artisans, increase incomes, and thus promote social stability. Young adults in Uganda's conflict-affected north were invited to form groups and submit grant proposals for vocational training and business start-up. Funding was randomly assigned among screened and eligible groups. Treatment groups received unsupervised grants of $382 per member. Grant recipients invest some in skills training bu...
