-
作者：Wallace, Neil
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：In a pure-currency economy, money is the only durable object and people have private histories. In such economies, taxation is not feasible and in some of them trade is enhanced through the use of money. For economies of that kind in which a nondegenerate distribution of money, part of the state of the economy, affects trades and real outcomes, and in which trades affect the state at the next date, the conjecture is that there are transfer schemes financed by money creation that improve ex ant...
-
作者：Karlan, Dean; Osei, Robert; Osei-Akoto, Isaac; Udry, Christopher
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Ghana; Yale University
摘要：The investment decisions of small-scale farmers in developing countries are conditioned by their financial environment. Binding credit market constraints and incomplete insurance can limit investment in activities with high expected profits. We conducted several experiments in northern Ghana in which farmers were randomly assigned to receive cash grants, grants of or opportunities to purchase rainfall index insurance, or a combination of the two. Demand for index insurance is strong, and insur...
-
作者：Fryer, Roland G., Jr.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：This study examines the impact on student achievement of implementing a bundle of best practices from high-performing charter schools into low-performing, traditional public schools in Houston, Texas, using a school-level randomized field experiment and quasi-experimental comparisons. The five practices in the bundle are increased instructional time, more effective teachers and administrators, high-dosage tutoring, data-driven instruction, and a culture of high expectations. The findings show ...
-
作者：Cascio, Elizabeth U.; Washington, Ebonya
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University
摘要：The Voting Rights Act of 1965, called one of the most effective pieces of civil rights legislation in U.S. history, generated dramatic increases in black voter registration across the South. We ask whether the increase in black voting rights was accompanied by an increase in blacks' share of public spending. We exploit a key provision of the act-removal of literacy tests at registration-for identification. Employing a triple-difference framework over a 20-year period, we find that counties wit...
-
作者：Kuziemko, Ilyana; Buell, Ryan W.; Reich, Taly; Norton, Michael I.
作者单位：Columbia University; Harvard University; Stanford University
摘要：We present evidence from laboratory experiments showing that individuals are last-place averse. Participants choose gambles with the potential to move them out of last place that they reject when randomly placed in other parts of the distribution. In modified dictator games, participants randomly placed in second-to-last place are the most likely to give money to the person one rank above them instead of the person one rank below. Last-place aversion suggests that low-income individuals might ...
-
作者：Buser, Thomas; Niederle, Muriel; Oosterbeek, Hessel
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Gender differences in competitiveness have been hypothesized as a potential explanation for gender differences in education and labor market outcomes. We examine the predictive power of a standard laboratory experimental measure of competitiveness for the later important choice of academic track of secondary school students in the Netherlands. Although boys and girls display similar levels of academic ability, boys choose substantially more prestigious academic tracks, where more prestigious t...
-
作者：Chetty, Raj; Friedman, John N.; Leth-Petersen, Soren; Nielsen, Torben Heien; Olsen, Tore
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Copenhagen
摘要：Using 41 million observations on savings for the population of Denmark, we show that the effects of retirement savings policies on wealth accumulation depend on whether they change savings rates by active or passive choice. Subsidies for retirement accounts, which rely on individuals to take an action to raise savings, primarily induce individuals to shift assets from taxable accounts to retirement accounts. We estimate that each $1 of government expenditure on subsidies increases total saving...
-
作者：Agarwal, Sumit; Lucca, David; Seru, Amit; Trebbi, Francesco
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of British Columbia
摘要：We find that regulators can implement identical rules inconsistently due to differences in their institutional design and incentives, and this behavior may adversely impact the effectiveness with which regulation is implemented. We study supervisory decisions of U.S. banking regulators and exploit a legally determined rotation policy that assigns federal and state supervisors to the same bank at exogenously set time intervals. Comparing federal and state regulator supervisory ratings within th...
-
作者：Coffman, Katherine Baldiga
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：We use a lab experiment to explore the factors that predict an individual's decision to contribute her idea to a group. We find that contribution decisions depend on the interaction of gender and the gender stereotype associated with the decision-making domain: conditional on measured ability, individuals are less willing to contribute ideas in areas that are stereotypically outside of their gender's domain. Importantly, these decisions are largely driven by self-assessments, rather than fear ...
-
作者：Allen, Treb; Arkolakis, Costas
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University
摘要：We develop a general equilibrium framework to determine the spatial distribution of economic activity on any surface with (nearly) any geography. Combining the gravity structure of trade with labor mobility, we provide conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of a spatial economic equilibrium and derive a simple set of equations that govern the relationship between economic activity and the geography of the surface. We then use the framework to estimate the topography of trade c...
