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作者：Allcott, Hunt
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：Site selection bias'' can occur when the probability that a program is adopted or evaluated is correlated with its impacts. I test for site selection bias in the context of the Opower energy conservation programs, using 111 randomized control trials involving 8.6 million households across the United States. Predictions based on rich microdata from the first 10 replications substantially overstate efficacy in the next 101 sites. Several mechanisms caused this positive selection. For example, ut...
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作者：Anderson, Siwan; Bidner, Chris
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; Simon Fraser University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
摘要：In developing countries, the extent to which women possess property rights is shaped in large part by transfers received at the time of marriage. Focusing on dowry, we develop a simple model of the marriage market with intrahousehold bargaining to understand the incentives for brides' parents to allocate the rights over the dowry between their daughter and her groom. In doing so, we clarify and formalize the dual role'' of dowry-as a premortem bequest and as a market clearing price-identified ...
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作者：Muralidharan, Karthik; Sundararaman, Venkatesh
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego; The World Bank
摘要：We present experimental evidence on the impact of a school choice program in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh that provided students with a voucher to finance attending a private school of their choice. The study design featured a unique two-stage lottery-based allocation of vouchers that created both student-level and market-level experiments, which allows us to study the individual and the aggregate effects of school choice (including spillovers). After two and four years of the program, w...
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作者：Bursztyn, Leonardo; Jensen, Robert
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：When effort is observable to peers, students may try to avoid social penalties by conforming to prevailing norms. To test this hypothesis, we first consider a natural experiment that introduced a performance leaderboard into computer-based high school courses. The result was a 24 percent performance decline. The decline appears to be driven by a desire to avoid the leaderboard; top performing students prior to the change, those most at risk of appearing on the leaderboard, had a 40 percent per...
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作者：Gabaix, Xavier; Maggiori, Matteo
作者单位：Harvard University; New York University
摘要：We provide a theory of the determination of exchange rates based on capital flows in imperfect financial markets. Capital flows drive exchange rates by altering the balance sheets of financiers that bear the risks resulting from international imbalances in the demand for financial assets. Such alterations to their balance sheets cause financiers to change their required compensation for holding currency risk, thus affecting both the level and volatility of exchange rates. Our theory of exchang...
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作者：Kremer, Michael; Snyder, Christopher M.
作者单位：Brookings Institution; Dartmouth College; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Preventives are sold ex ante, before disease status is realized, while treatments are sold ex post. Even if the mean of the ex ante distribution of consumer values is the same as that ex post, the shape of the distributions may differ, generating a difference between the surplus each product can extract. If, for example, consumers differ only in ex ante disease risk, then a monopolist would have more difficulty extracting surplus with a preventive than with a treatment because treatment consum...
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作者：Ivashina, Victoria; Scharfstein, David S.; Stein, Jeremy C.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A large share of dollar-denominated lending is done by non-U.S. banks, particularly European banks. We present a model in which such banks cut dollar lending more than euro lending in response to a shock to their credit quality. Because these banks rely on wholesale dollar funding, while raising more of their euro funding through insured retail deposits, the shock leads to a greater withdrawal of dollar funding. Banks can borrow in euros and swap into dollars to make up for the dollar shortfal...
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作者：Jha, Saumitra
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：The English Parliament's struggle for supremacy against monarchical dictatorship during the Civil War (1642-1648) was crucial for the establishment of representative government, yet its lessons continue to be debated. I exploit novel data on individual MPs drawn from 1,842 biographies to show that the conflict was over overseas interests and other factors over which the executive enjoyed broad constitutional discretion, rather than over domestic property rights. I further exploit the coinciden...
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作者：Augenblick, Ned; Niederle, Muriel; Sprenger, Charles
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Experimental tests of dynamically inconsistent time preferences have largely relied on choices over time-dated monetary rewards. Several recent studies have failed to find the standard patterns of present bias. However, such monetary studies contain often-discussed confounds. In this article, we sidestep these confounds and investigate choices over consumption (real effort) in a longitudinal experiment. We pair this effort study with a companion monetary discounting study. We confirm very limi...
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作者：Edelman, Benjamin; Wright, Julian
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：Suppose an intermediary provides a benefit to buyers when they purchase from sellers using the intermediary's technology. We develop a model to show that the intermediary would want to restrict sellers from charging buyers more for transactions it intermediates. With this restriction an intermediary can profitably raise demand for its services by eliminating any extra price buyers face for purchasing through the intermediary. We show that this leads to inflated retail prices, excessive adoptio...
