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作者：He, Guojun; Wang, Shaoda; Zhang, Bing
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Chicago; Nanjing University
摘要：This article estimates the effect of environmental regulation on firm productivity using a spatial regression discontinuity design implicit in China's water quality monitoring system. Because water quality readings are important for political evaluations and the monitoring stations only capture emissions from their upstream regions, local government officials are incentivized to enforce tighter environmental standards on firms immediately upstream of a monitoring station, rather than those imm...
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作者：Auriol, Emmanuelle; Lassebie, Julie; Panin, Amma; Raiber, Eva; Seabright, Paul
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); Universite Catholique Louvain; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：This article provides experimental support for the hypothesis that insurance can be a motive for religious donations. We randomize enrollment of members of a Pentecostal church in Ghana into a commercial funeral insurance policy. Then church members allocate money between themselves and a set of religious goods in a series of dictator games with significant stakes. Members enrolled in insurance give significantly less money to their own church compared with members who only receive information...
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作者：Weigel, Jonathan L.
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This article provides evidence from a fragile state that citizens demand more of a voice in the government when it tries to Lax them. 1 examine a field experiment randomizing property tax collection across 356 neighborhoods of a large Congolese city. The tax campaign was the first time most citizens had been registered by the state or asked to pay formal taxes. It raised property tax compliance from 0.1% in control to 11.6% in treatment. It also increased political participation by about 5 per...
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作者：Heblich, Stephan; Redding, Stephen J.; Sturm, Daniel M.
作者单位：University of Toronto; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW); National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：Using newly constructed spatially disaggregated data for London from 1801 to 1921, we show that the invention of the steam railway led to the first large-scale separation of workplace and residence. We show that a class of quantitative urban models is remarkably successful in explaining this reorganization of economic activity. We structurally estimate one of the models in this class and find substantial agglomeration forces in both production and residence. In counterfactuals, we find that re...
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作者：Behrens, Kristian; Mion, Giordano; Murata, Yasusada; Suedekum, Jens
作者单位：University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Sussex; Nihon University; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf
摘要：Equilibria and optima generally differ in imperfectly competitive markets. Although this is well understood theoretically, it is unclear how large the welfare distortions are in the aggregate economy. Do they matter quantitatively? To answer this question, we develop a multisector monopolistic competition model with endogenous firm entry and selection, productivity, and markups. Using French and UK data, we quantify the gap between the equilibrium and optimal allocations. We find that ineffici...
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作者：Deming, David J.; Noray, Kadeem
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article studies the impact of changing job skills on career earnings dynamics for college graduates. We measure changes in the skill content of occupations between 2007 and 2019 using detailed job descriptions from a near universe of online job postings. We then develop a simple model where the returns to work experience are a race between on-the-job learning and skill obsolescence. Obsolescence lowers the return to experience, flattening the age-earnings profile in faster-changing career...
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作者：Bigio, Saki; La'O, Jennifer
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：How does an economy's production structure determine its macroeconomic response to sectoral distortions? We study a static, multisector framework in which production is organized in an input-output network and production decisions are distorted. Sectoral distortions manifest at the aggregate level via two channels: total factor productivity (TFP) and the labor wedge. We show that near efficiency, distortions have zero first-order effects on TFP and nonzero first-order effects on the labor wedg...
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作者：Boehm, Johannes; Oberfield, Ezra
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Princeton University; Princeton University
摘要：The strength of contract enforcement determines how firms source inputs and organize production. Using microdata on Indian manufacturing plants, we show that production and sourcing decisions appear systematically distorted in states with weaker enforcement. Specifically, we document that in industries that tend to rely more heavily on relationship-specific intermediate inputs, plants in states with more-congested courts shift their expenditures away from intermediate inputs and have a greater...
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作者：Barnichon, Regis; Mesters, Geert
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco; Pompeu Fabra University; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：Despite decades of research, the consistent estimation of structural forward-looking macroeconomic equations remains a formidable empirical challenge because of pervasive endogeneity issues. Prominent cases-the estimation of Phillips curves, Euler equations, or monetary policy rules-have typically relied on using predetermined variables as instruments, with mixed success. In this work, we propose a new approach that consists in using sequences of independently identified structural shocks as i...
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作者：Jager, Simon; Schoefer, Benjamin; Young, Samuel; Zweimuller, Josef
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Zurich
摘要：Nonemployment is often posited as a worker's outside option in wage setting models such as bargaining and wage posting. The value of nonemployment is therefore a key determinant of wages. We measure the wage effect of changes in the value of nonemployment among initially employed workers. Our quasi-experimental variation in the value of nonemployment arises from four large reforms of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit levels in Austria. We document that wages are insensitive to UI benefit cha...
