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作者：Kaufmann, Marc; Andre, Peter; Koszegi, Botond
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; University of Bonn
摘要：Many consumers care about climate change and other externalities associated with their purchases. We analyze the behavior and market effects of such socially responsible consumers in three parts. First, we develop a flexible theoretical framework to study competitive equilibria with rational consequentialist consumers. In violation of price taking, equilibrium feedback nontrivially dampens the impact of a person's consumption on aggregate consumption, undermining the motive to mitigate. This l...
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作者：Adamopoulos, Tasso; Brandt, Loren; Chen, Chaoran; Restuccia, Diego; Wei, Xiaoyun
作者单位：York University - Canada; University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; Zhejiang University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：Frictions that impede the mobility of workers across occupations and space are a prominent feature of developing countries. We disentangle the role of insecure property rights from other labor-mobility frictions for the reallocation of labor from agriculture to nonagriculture and from rural to urban areas. We combine rich household and individual-level panel data from China and an equilibrium quantitative framework featuring sorting of workers across locations and occupations. We explicitly mo...
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作者：Rambachan, Ashesh
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Decision makers, such as doctors, judges, and managers, make consequential choices based on predictions of unknown outcomes. Do these decision makers make systematic prediction mistakes based on the available information? If so, in what ways are their predictions systematically biased? In this article, I characterize conditions under which systematic prediction mistakes can be identified in empirical settings such as hiring, medical diagnosis, and pretrial release. I derive a statistical test ...
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作者：Gertler, Paul; Green, Brett; Wolfram, Catherine
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Washington University (WUSTL); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：A new form of secured lending using digital collateral has recently emerged, most prominently in low- and middle-income countries. Digital collateral relies on lockout technology, which allows the lender to temporarily disable the flow value of the collateral to the borrower without physically repossessing it. We explore this new form of credit in a model and a field experiment using school-fee loans digitally secured with a solar home system. Securing a loan with digital collateral drasticall...
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作者：Matranga, Andrea
作者单位：University of Turin
摘要：The Neolithic revolution saw the independent development of agriculture among at least seven unconnected hunter-gatherer populations. I propose that the rapid spread of agricultural techniques resulted from increased climatic seasonality causing hunter-gatherers to adopt a sedentary lifestyle and store food for the season of scarcity. Their newfound sedentary lifestyle and storage habits facilitated the invention of agriculture. I present a model and support it with global climate data and Neo...
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作者：Jaeger, Simon; Roth, Christopher; Roussille, Nina; Schoefer, Benjamin
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Cologne; Max Planck Society; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Standard labor market models assume that workers hold accurate beliefs about the external wage distribution, and hence their outside options with other employers. We test this assumption by comparing German workers' beliefs about outside options with objective benchmarks. First, we find that workers wrongly anchor their beliefs about outside options on their current wage: workers that would experience a 10% wage change if switching to their outside option only expect a 1% change. Second, worke...
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作者：Roussille, Nina
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：The gender ask gap measures the extent to which women ask for lower salaries than comparable men. This article studies its role in generating wage inequality, using novel data from an online recruitment platform for full-time engineering jobs: Hired.com. To use the platform, job candidates must post an ask salary, stating how much they want to make in their next job. Firms then apply to candidates by offering them a bid salary, solely based on the candidate's resume and ask salary. If the cand...
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作者：Feigenbaum, James; Gross, Daniel
作者单位：Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University
摘要：In the early 1900s, telephone operation was among the most common jobs for American women, and telephone operators were ubiquitous. Between 1920 and 1940, AT&T undertook one of the largest automation investments in modern history, replacing operators with mechanical switching technology in over half of the U.S. telephone network. Using variation across U.S. cities in the timing of adoption, we study how this wave of automation affected the labor market for young women. Although automation elim...
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作者：Baron, E. Jason; Doyle, Joseph J., Jr.; Emanuel, Natalia; Hull, Peter; Ryan, Joseph
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Brown University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We develop empirical tools for studying discrimination in multiphase systems and apply them to the setting of foster care placement by child protective services. Leveraging the quasi-random assignment of two sets of decision-makers-initial hotline call screeners and subsequent investigators-we study how unwarranted racial disparities arise and propagate through this system. Using a sample of over 200,000 maltreatment allegations, we find that calls involving Black children are 55% more likely ...
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作者：Bailey, Martha J.; Helgerman, Thomas; Stuart, Bryan A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：In the 1960s, two landmark statutes-the Equal Pay and Civil Rights Acts-targeted the long-standing practice of employment discrimination against U.S. women. For the next 15 years, the gender gap in median earnings among full-time, full-year workers changed little, leading many scholars to conclude that the legislation was ineffectual. This article revisits this conclusion using two research designs, which leverage (i) cross-state variation in preexisting state equal pay laws and (ii) variation...
