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作者：Londono-Velez, Juliana; Saravia, Estefania
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article examines the impact of denying a wanted abortion on women and children in Colombia using high-quality administrative microdata and credibly exogenous variation in abortion access. Women can seek legal abortions through a tutela, with cases randomly assigned to judges. Female judges are 20 percentage points (32%) less likely to deny abortion cases than are male judges, and we use the judge's sex as an instrument for abortion denial. Denial of a wanted abortion has both immediate an...
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作者：Brynjolfsson, Erik; Li, Danielle; Raymond, Lindsey
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We study the staggered introduction of a generative AI-based conversational assistant using data from 5,172 customer-support agents. Access to AI assistance increases worker productivity, as measured by issues resolved per hour, by 15% on average, with substantial heterogeneity across workers. The effects vary significantly across different agents. Less experienced and lower-skilled workers improve both the speed and quality of their output, while the most experienced and highest-skilled worke...
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作者：Kluender, Raymond; Mahoney, Neale; Wong, Francis; Yin, Wesley
作者单位：Harvard University; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Munich; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Two in five Americans have medical debt, nearly half of whom owe at least $2,500. Concerned by this burden, governments and private donors have undertaken large, high-profile efforts to relieve medical debt. We partnered with RIP Medical Debt (now Undue Medical Debt) to conduct two randomized experiments that relieved medical debt with a face value of $169 million for 83,401 people between 2018 and 2020. Our experiments focused on downstream medical debt that had been sold to debt collectors, ...
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作者：Maxted, Peter
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：By augmenting the continuous-time specification of Harris and Laibson (2013) with the assumption that hard borrowing constraints do not bind in equilibrium, present bias can be tractably incorporated into rich consumption-saving models featuring stochastic income, risky and illiquid assets, and costly borrowing. I present closed-form expressions characterizing how present bias affects consumption, illiquid asset demand, and welfare. This welfare analysis specifies the channels through which pr...
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作者：Greenstone, Michael; Pande, Rohini; Ryan, Nicholas; Sudarshan, Anant
作者单位：University of Chicago; Yale University; University of Warwick
摘要：Market-based environmental regulations are seldom used in low-income countries, where pollution is highest but state capacity is often low. We collaborated with the Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) to design and experimentally evaluate the world's first particulate-matter emissions market, which covered industrial plants in a large Indian city. There are three main findings. First, the market functioned well. Treatment plants, randomly assigned to the emissions market, traded permits to ...
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作者：Errico, Marco; Lashkari, Danial
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：We characterize the contribution of changes in quality, price, and variety entry/exit to the aggregate price index for smooth, invertible demand systems, generalizing the standard results derived in the CES case. The results require the knowledge of heterogeneous cross-product elasticities of substitution. To apply them in practice, we also show how to identify rich demand systems using data only on prices and market shares, without the need for external cost-shock instruments or strong assump...
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作者：Jiang, Zhengyang; Liu, Hongqi; Peng, Cameron; Yan, Hongjun
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; DePaul University
摘要：We survey a large, representative sample of retail investors in China to elicit their memories of stock market investments and their return expectations. We merge these survey data with administrative transaction data to test a model in which investors selectively recall past experiences to form their beliefs. Our analysis uncovers new facts about investor memory and highlights similarity-based recall as a key mechanism of belief formation in financial markets. A rising market prompts investor...
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作者：Gethin, Amory
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This article quantifies the role played by education in the reduction of global poverty. I propose tools for identifying the contribution of schooling to economic growth by income group, integrating imperfect substitution between skill groups into a macroeconomic growth decomposition. I bring this distributional growth accounting framework to the data by exploiting a new microdatabase representative of nearly all of the world's population, new estimates of the private returns to schooling, and...
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作者：Brown, Christina; Kaur, Supreet; Kingdon, Geeta; Schofield, Heather
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; University College London; Cornell University
摘要：Schooling may build human capital not only by teaching academic skills but by expanding the capacity for cognition. We focus specifically on cognitive endurance: the ability to sustain effortful mental activity over a continuous stretch of time. As motivation, we document that globally and in the United States, the poor exhibit cognitive fatigue more quickly than the rich do across field settings; they also attend schools that offer fewer opportunities to practice thinking for continuous stret...
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作者：Biasi, Barbara; Lafortune, Julien; Schonholzer, David
作者单位：Yale University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：This article identifies which investments in school facilities help students and which are valued by homeowners. Using novel data on school district bonds, test scores, and house prices across 29 U.S. states and a research design based on narrowly decided elections with staggered timing, we find that increased capital spending in schools significantly improves test scores and is efficient on average. However, the effects vary widely depending on the type of project and the characteristics of t...
