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作者：Finkelstein, Amy; Notowidigdo, Matthew J.; Schilbach, Frank; Zhang, Jonathan
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Duke University
摘要：We leverage spatial variation in the severity of the Great Recession across the United States to examine its impact on mortality and explore the quantitative implications. We estimate that an increase in the unemployment rate of the magnitude of the Great Recession reduces the average annual age-adjusted mortality rate by 2.3%, with effects persisting for at least 10 years. Mortality reductions appear across causes of death and are concentrated in the half of the population with a high school ...
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作者：Vogel, Jonathan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：What is the effect of the real minimum wage on wages and inequality? I develop a theory that nests the race between education and technology. The theory predicts that the effect of changes in minimum wages is initially small but grows over time. I present empirical evidence of these dynamic effects: the elasticity of real wages grows substantially over a three-year period. I show that minimum wages help rationalize a considerable decline in real wages of low-education workers in the 1980s and ...
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作者：Gottlieb, Joshua D.; Polyakova, Maria; Rinz, Kevin; Shiplett, Hugh; Udalova, Victoria
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; University of New Brunswick
摘要：Is government guiding the invisible hand at the top of the labor market? We use new administrative data to measure physicians' earnings and estimate the influence of health care policies on these earnings, physicians' labor supply, and the allocation of talent. Combining the administrative registry of U.S. physicians with tax data, Medicare billing records, and survey responses, we find that physicians' annual earnings average $350,000 and make up 8.6% of national health care spending. Busines...
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作者：Quach, Simon
作者单位：University of Southern California
摘要：This article studies the unexpected retraction of a U.S. federal policy in 2016 that would have more than doubled the overtime exemption threshold from $455 to $913 per week and thereby grant overtime protection to an additional 20% of salaried workers. Although the policy was blocked by a federal court injunction a week before it was supposed to take effect, I show that it nevertheless had a persistent positive impact on workers' earnings. Leveraging a bunching design with administrative payr...
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作者：de Silva, Tim
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Student loans with income-contingent repayment insure borrowers against income risk but can reduce their incentives to earn more. Using a change in Australia's income-contingent repayment schedule, I show that borrowers reduce their labor supply to lower their repayments. These responses are larger among borrowers with more hourly flexibility, a lower probability of repayment, and tighter liquidity constraints. I use these responses to estimate a dynamic model of labor supply with frictions th...
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作者：Feigenbaum, James; Palmer, Maxwell; Schneer, Benjamin
作者单位：Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston University; Harvard University
摘要：Does family history matter for policy making in democracies? Linking members of Congress (MCs) to the census, we observe countries of birth for members, their parents, and their grandparents, allowing us to measure ancestry for the politicians in office when U.S. immigration policy changed dramatically, from closing the border in the 1920s to reshaping admittance criteria in the 1960s. We find that legislators descended from immigrant parents or grandparents support more permissive immigration...
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作者：Burstein, Ariel T.; Carvalho, Vasco M.; Grassi, Basile
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Cambridge; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Bocconi University
摘要：We study markup cyclicality in a granular macroeconomic model with oligopolistic competition. We first characterize how firm, sectoral, and aggregate markups comove with output at different levels of aggregation in response to firm-level shocks. We quantify the model's ability to reproduce salient features of the cyclical properties of measured markups in French administrative firm-level data from the bottom (firm) level to the aggregate level. We document that (i) firm-level markups rise with...
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作者：Corradini, Viola; Lagos, Lorenzo; Sharma, Garima
作者单位：Columbia University; Brown University; Northwestern University
摘要：We study the role of unions in improving workplaces for women. Starting in 2015, Brazil's largest trade union federation made women central to its agenda. Using a difference-in-differences design that leverages variation in union affiliation to this federation, we find that bargaining for women increased female-friendly amenities in collective bargaining agreements and in practice. These changes led women to queue for jobs at treated establishments and separate from them less-both revealed-pre...
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作者：Miyauchi, Yuhei; Nakajima, Kentaro; Redding, Stephen J.
作者单位：Boston University; Hitotsubashi University; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We develop a tractable quantitative framework for modeling the rich patterns of spatial mobility observed in smartphone data. We show that travel is frequently undertaken as part of a travel itinerary, defined as a journey starting and ending at home that can include more than one intermediate stop on a given day. We show that these travel itineraries provide microfoundations for consumption externalities and generate both complementarity and substitutability between locations. We show that th...
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作者：Lane, Nathan
作者单位：University of Oxford; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：I study the effect of industrial policies on industrial development by considering an important episode during the East Asian miracle: South Korea's heavy and chemical industry (HCI) drive, 1973-1979. Based on newly assembled data, I use the introduction and termination of industrial policies to study their effects during and after the intervention period. I reveal that HCI policies promoted the expansion and dynamic comparative advantage of directly targeted industries. Using variation in exp...
